Style diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries. Style diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries Style diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries lesson

Plan - lesson summary

Subject: "The emergence of new styles inXVII – XVIIIcenturies."

The purpose of the lesson:

– educational (give an idea of ​​the main artistic styles that arose inXVII – XVIIIcenturies);

– developmental (to develop the ability to understand the stylistic diversity of art, the skills of analyzing specific works of art);

– educational (to foster interest in art and develop an understanding of its value).

Equipment:

– board (designation of the topic of the lesson, names of styles, new terms, names of masters who worked in each specific style);

– laptop with speakers (for showing illustrations of artists’ paintings and listening to audio recordings).

During the classes

Organizing time.

Good afternoon, class. Today we will study new topic, which will allow us to make short review something that we will get to know in more detail in the following lessons. We will talk about the styles that appeared in European art during the period Late Renaissance and developed until the endXVIIIcenturies

Make sure you have notebooks and pens on your desks as... Today you have to record a lot of important information.

Explanation of new material.

So, the topic of our lesson is “The emergence of new styles inXVII – XVIIIcenturies."(I draw the children’s attention to the topic: it is written on the board and highlighted with chalk) .

Before we begin, let's try to remember what the situation was in Western European art at the endXVIV.

Starting from its second half, the decline of Italian painting is already noticeable, and the further it goes, the stronger and stronger it becomes. The heyday is followed by an imitative period. The individual traits of brilliant masters turn into mannerisms and canons among their imitators.
To many famous masters, with all the perfection of their technique and successful approximation to samples, they lack a sense of proportion - the first condition of beauty and serious dignity. There is a “fallout” from the principles of painting characteristic of the Renaissance into exaggeration. This exaggeration forms the basis of a new artistic style.

Mannerism (from Latin technique, manner) (the new term and its translation are written on the board, as are the names of representatives of this style, I draw the children’s attention to these notes and ask them to transfer them to their notebooks) reflects the crisis of Renaissance ideas about the ideal.

Mannerism appeared in Italy, but very quickly became a pan-European style.

This was facilitated by 2 factors:

activities of Italian masters outside Italy;

wide distribution of paintings, graphics, engravings and prints by Mannerist masters.

The term itself belongs to the biographer and painter Giorgio Vasari, who calls it a new pictorial system, which is characterized by 3 main features:

The sharpness of the images;

Expression of poses, elongated proportions of figures;

Light and color contrasts(the above principles are also recorded by students and then analyzed using examples of paintings by artists representing the style).

All three principles were reflected in the works of mannerist masters, who are generally considered to be:

- Allesandro Allori ;

- Francesco Parmigianino;

- Jacopo Tintoretto.

Mannerists are also consideredrepresentatives of the Fontainebleau school in France andEl Greco in Spain.

In literature and music, the term "mannerism" is used more widely than in the visual arts; are called mannerist literary works, which are characterized by the complexity of syllables and syntax, and the use of bizarre and fantastic images.

A striking example of this is the two-volume novel “Euphues” by John Lyly, which gave rise to the term “euphuism”, meaning highest degree artificial and frilly style.

Mannerism in music is the work of Carlo di Vinosa, which is characterized by harmony, changes of tempo, and vivid expression.

Despite all of the above, very often art historians do not distinguish mannerism as a separate style at all, but consider it only early stage one of the greatest movements in artXVII – XVIIIcenturies –baroque .

Baroque is read as a synthetic style, i.e. artificially created on the basis of two previous trends - Renaissance and Mannerist. From the first he got pomp and solidity, from the second - dynamism and emotionality.

Baroque dominated European art from the endXVIto the middleXVIIIcentury and covered all types of creativity, most fully reflected in architecture and fine arts.

The term comes from the Portuguese wordbarocco , which means an irregularly shaped pearl. However, in Italian there is an equivalent -baroque – lush, red, strange. Actually, these three words - lush, red, strange - defined Baroque art - bright, luxurious, drowning in gold and velvet(the term and its interpretations are copied from the board) .

Baroque made a huge impression on people, so it very soon took deep roots in Catholic countries, becoming an indispensable attribute of the power and might of the Pope. It is for this reason that the greatest monuments of Baroque architecture are churches and monasteries.

A striking example of this is St. Peter's Square and Cathedral in Rome by architects Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini.

Traditionally, representatives of the Baroque are considered:

- architects Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini

- artists Caravaggio, Carracci, Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt Van Rijn (the names of the masters written on the board are copied by the children in their notebooks) .

Baroque art, both in architecture and in sculpture and painting, is characterized by:

Contrast, combination of light and shadow;

Dynamics;

Predilection for spectacular showmanship, pomp and brightness(the principles can be written down, or they can only be outlined orally, as they will be discussed in more detail in subsequent lessons) .

Multicolor sculpture, modeling, carvings, mirrors, paintings, ceiling paintings, tens of meters of silk, velvet and brocade in interior decoration - this is the extensive heritage that the Baroque left us.

All these decorative elements later helped Charles Lebrun and Louis Levo - the architect and sculptor - to bring the project to life greatest monument palace and park architecture, Versailles. But more on that later.

In the meantime, we have a centuryXVIII, its first half. The Louis Kings, monarchs of the Bourbon dynasty, seek to consolidate their power by emphasizing their “chosen” status by all available means. A huge royal court requires entertainment and luxury. They are not satisfied with the pomp of the Baroque; they need something, something less pretentious, but more elegant. A new style of “gallant celebrations” - Rococo - becomes a discovery.

Rococo (from French. rocaille – decorative motif in the shape of a shell) - this is a style or stylistic direction in the art of France in the first halfXVIIIcentury(the name of the style is copied by the children from the board along with the names of its representatives) .

The term “rococo” did not arise immediately; later they began to despise the mannerism that was inherent in the style.

Rococo is characterized by:

Graceful, sophisticated forms,

Idyllic (pastoral) or sensual scenes,

Dim colors, subtle play of light, hazy images(each of the principles is illustrated using the examples of the artists’ paintings below) .

In modern art history, four outstanding French decorative artists are considered to be representatives of Rococo:Francois Boucher, Antoine Watteau, Nicolas Lancret and Jean Fragonard .

These four painters, in the course of their activities, created the style whose paintings and furniture decorated the palaces richest people France for many years.

Rococo is a chamber style (small forms), mainly painting and sculpture, a significant place in it is given to DPI.

The themes of the works fluctuate within the framework of mythological and pastoral subjects.

However, excessive attraction to cupids and Venuses, beautiful shepherds and shepherdesses, ultimately ruined this style.

In the mid 50sXVIIIcentury Rococo was criticized for its mannerisms, excessive sensuality and absurd complication of composition.

The Age of Enlightenment crept up unnoticed and dealt a crushing blow to the principles thanks to which Rococo developed. First of all, the Enlightenment with its new ideals influenced architecture, which was never the strong point of Rococo. Masters began to be attracted by the rigor and tranquility of ancient, mostly Greek architecture.

The growing interest in antiquity was facilitated by the discovery in 1755 of the city of Pompeii with its rich artistic heritage, as well as the study of architecture in southern Italy. The result of new trends was High style in art and literature called classical.

So,classicism (children copy the term from the board) - a style in literature and artXVIII– startedXIX, who turned to the ancient heritage as the norm and ideal model.

This style appeared in France, then spreading to other countries with artists and architects who were actively invited to the courts of European monarchs, as bearers of the knowledge of “absolute harmony.”

Artists, writers and architects of classicism believed that piece of art is the fruit of reason and logic, therefore it must be devoid of chaos and fluidity of forms.

Based on ancient art, the masters developed a number of principles, in accordance with which all representatives of the style pledged to create:

Depiction of high (heroic and moral) ideals;

Strict organization of logical, clear images;

Color restraint(all of these principles are demonstrated to children using illustrations of works of art by classic masters) .

It may seem that the establishment of such rigid boundaries impoverished the artistic forms of style, turning them into templates. However, it is not. It is known that it was the architects of classicism who managed to create those palaces and park ensembles that now delight the whole world.

Three outstanding architects - Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Andre Le Nôtre, and later Louis Leveau - built Versailles - the brightest example of classical art.

Versailles, built of white marble, is the embodiment of all the canons of the ancient heritage. On the outside it is clarity, clarity, simplicity of form. Inside is the rebirth of the Baroque style. We will try to find out why this happened in the next lessons.

The largest representatives of classicism are:

- architects Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Andre Le Nôtre, Louis Levo;

- sculptor Antonio Canova;

- artists Jacques-Louis David and Nicolas Poussin (children copy the names of the masters in their notebooks) .

During the time of Napoleon, who saw the purpose of art in glorifying his personality and his exploits, classicism was reborn into a solemn and in many ways more integral style - the Empire style.

As for the music of the classical period, the “Viennese circle” stands out here - Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. The literature of classicism is represented by the works of Moliere and Voltaire in the West, Lomonosov, Novikovsky and Griboedov in Russia.

Summarizing.

Today we got acquainted with four new styles of European art, analyzed characteristics each of them, and also looked at illustrations of typical representatives. In the next lesson we will continue to study these styles, focusing in more detail on the grandest of them - Baroque.

Homework assignment.

Now write down your homework assignment. Read paragraph No. 1 in the textbook, parts 1 – 3. And think about the answer to the question: “Which styleXVII – XVIIIcenturies did you like it better?”, explain why. This is all. Thank you all for your attention, everyone is free.

Bibliography

Danilova G.I. World art culture: from the 17th century to the present. 11th grade Basic level: textbook. for general education institutions. – M.: Bustard, 2012. – 366, p.

Emokhonova L.G. World Art. Textbook for 10 – 11 grades. general education institutions. At 3 hours. Part 2. – M.: Education, 2012. – 255 p.

Virtual Museum of PaintingSmallBay. Electronic encyclopedia of the Art and History Museum/, 10/8/2016

October 8, 2016

< http:// smallbay. ru/ rocoko. html> , October 8, 2016

< http:// smallbay. ru/ classic. html> , October 8, 2016

Slide 1

Slide 2

Art critic A.A. Anikst noted: “confidence in the imminent and inevitable triumph of the positive principles of life disappears. The feeling of its tragic contradictions becomes more acute. The old faith gives way to skepticism. Humanists themselves no longer trust reason as a good force. Capable of renewing life. They also have doubts about human nature—whether good principles really dominate it.”

Slide 3

The stylistic diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries. Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism

Slide 4

Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style) is a movement in European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the High Renaissance. The main aesthetic criterion is not following nature. The mannerists distorted the harmonious principle inherent in them, cultivating ideas about the precariousness of human destiny, which is at the mercy of irrational forces. The works of these masters are distinguished by sharp coloristic and light-and-shadow dissonances, complexity and exaggerated expressiveness of poses and movement motifs, elongated proportions of figures, and virtuoso drawing, where the line outlining the volume acquires independent meaning. G. Arcimboldo El Greco El Greco “Christ Carrying the Cross”

Slide 5

P. Rubens. Marchioness Brigitte Spinola Doria Renbrant. “Christ during a storm on the Sea of ​​Galilee” V.V. Rastrelli. Ambassadorial Staircase Baroque (Italian barocco, literally - bizarre, strange), one of the dominant styles in the architecture and art of Europe and Latin America of the late 16th - mid-18th centuries. Baroque embodied new ideas about the unity, boundlessness and diversity of the world, about its dramatic complexity and eternal variability; his aesthetics was built on the collision of man and the world, ideal and sensual principles, reason and irrationalism. Baroque art is characterized by grandeur, splendor and dynamics, intensity of feelings, a passion for spectacular spectacle, a combination of the illusory and the real, strong contrasts of scale and rhythm, materials and textures, light and shadow.

Slide 6

Bryullov Karl. Last day of Pompeii Bryullov Karl. Narcissus looking into the water Nicolas Poussin. The Triumph of Neptune Poussin Nicolas Classicism, an artistic style in European art of the 17th–early 19th centuries, one of the most important features of which was the appeal to the forms of ancient art as an ideal aesthetic and ethical standard. The principles of rationalistic philosophy underlying classicism determined the views of theorists and practitioners classic style to a work of art as the fruit of reason and logic, triumphing over the chaos and fluidity of sensory life. In the painting of classicism, line and chiaroscuro became the main elements of form modeling; local color clearly reveals the plasticity of figures and objects, and separates the spatial plans of the painting.

Slide 7

Pompeo Batoni Diana and Cupid Watteau Antoine Dance SebastianoRicci Abraham and the Three Angels Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style movement in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. A predilection for refined and complex shapes, fancy lines, much like the silhouette of a shell. Subtle shifts of color and at the same time somewhat faded in color are Rococo paintings. Complex love affairs, fleeting hobbies, daring, risky human actions that challenge society, adventures, fantasies. Rococo artists were characterized by a subtle culture of color, the ability to build a composition with continuous decorative spots, achieving overall lightness, emphasized by a light palette, and a preference for faded, silvery-bluish, golden and pink shades.

Slide 8

Realism (from French realisme, from Latin realis - material) - in art in a broad sense, a truthful, objective, comprehensive reflection of reality by specific means inherent in the types artistic creativity. The general features of the realism method are reliability in the reproduction of reality. Accuracy, specificity, impartiality of perception of life, attention to common folk types, heartfelt perception of life and nature, simplicity and naturalness of human feelings. Ilya Repin Barge Haulers on the Volga

Slide 9

In the art of the 17th-18th centuries. there were various art styles. Heterogeneous in their manifestations, they had deep internal unity and community. Sometimes completely opposite artistic decisions and images were only original responses to critical issues life and society

The 17th century turned out to be surprisingly favorable for the development of artistic culture. The successes of natural science have significantly expanded and complicated the idea of ​​the world as a boundless, changeable and contradictory unity. There was a dominant feeling of man's inextricable connection with this world, his dependence on the surrounding reality, on the conditions and circumstances of his existence. That is why not only a person becomes the bearer of artistic creativity, but also the whole diversity of reality, its complex connections with a person. Accordingly, the themes of artistic creativity and plot repertoire became richer, new independent genres and styles were developed, those that had developed in previous ones developed and deepened. cultural eras. In the 17th century, almost simultaneously, styles emerged that had national character and covering different types of art - classicism and baroque.

Classicism is represented in literature by such names - P. Corneille, J. Racine, J. B. Moliere (France), D. Fonvizin (Russia); in painting - N. Poussin, C. Lauren (France); in sculpture - E. M. Falconet (France), Thorvaldsen (Denmark); in architecture - J. A. Gabriel, C. N. Ledoux (France); in music - K.V. Gluck, W.A. Mozart (Austria).

Prominent representatives of the Baroque style in literature were Calderon (Spain), D. Milton (England); in painting - P. P. Rubens (born in Germany), in architecture - L. Bernini (Italy); in music - J. S. Bach, G. F. Handel (Germany), A. Vivaldi (Italy).

European art of the 18th century combined two different antagonistic principles: classicism and romanticism. Classicism meant the subordination of man to the social system, while developing romanticism sought to maximize the individual, personal beginning. However, classicism XVIII century has changed significantly compared to the classicism of the 17th century, discarding in some cases one of the most characteristic features of the style - antique classical forms. In addition, the “new” classicism of the Enlightenment, at its very core, was not alien to romanticism.

An important new beginning in art XVIII century there was also the emergence of movements that did not have their own stylistic form and did not feel the need to develop it. This largest cultural movement was primarily sentimentalism, fully reflecting the Enlightenment ideas about the original purity and kindness of human nature, which are lost along with the original “natural state” of society, its distance from nature. Sentimentalism was addressed primarily to the inner, personal, intimate world of human feelings and thoughts, and therefore did not require special stylistic design. Sentimentalism is extremely close to romanticism; the “natural” person it glorifies inevitably experiences the tragedy of a collision with natural and social elements, with life itself, which is preparing great upheavals, the premonition of which fills the entire culture of the 18th century.

One of the most important characteristics of the culture of the Enlightenment is the process of replacing the religious principles of art with secular ones. In the 18th century, secular architecture for the first time took precedence over church architecture throughout almost all of Europe. The invasion of secularism into religious painting in those countries where it previously played a major role is also obvious - Italy, Austria, Germany. Genre painting, reflecting the artist’s everyday observation of real life real people, is becoming widespread in almost all European countries, sometimes striving to take the main place in art. The ceremonial portrait, so popular in the past, gives way to the intimate portrait, and in landscape painting it appears and spreads in different countries the so-called “mood landscape” (Watteau, Gainsborough, Guardi).

A characteristic feature of 18th-century painting is the increased attention to the sketch not only among the artists themselves, but also among connoisseurs of works of art. Personal, individual perception and mood reflected in a sketch sometimes turn out to be more interesting and cause a greater emotional and aesthetic impact than the finished work. Drawings and engravings are valued more than paintings because they establish a more direct connection between the viewer and the artist. The tastes and requirements of the era also changed the requirements for color paintings. In the works of 18th-century artists, the decorative understanding of color is enhanced; a painting should not only express and reflect something, but also decorate the place where it is located. Therefore, along with the subtlety of halftones and delicacy of colors, artists strive for multicolor and even variegation.

The product of the purely secular culture of the Enlightenment was the style "rococo", which received the most perfect embodiment in the field of applied art. It also manifested itself in other areas where the artist has to solve decorative and design problems: in architecture - in planning and interior design, in painting - in decorative panels, paintings, screens, etc. Rococo architecture and painting are primarily focused on creating comfort and grace for the person who will contemplate and enjoy their creations. Small rooms do not seem cramped thanks to the illusion of “playing space” created by architects and artists who skillfully use various artistic means for this: ornament, mirrors, panels, special color scheme and so on. A new style became primarily the style of modest houses, into which, with a few techniques, he introduced a spirit of coziness and comfort without emphasized luxury and pomp. The eighteenth century introduced many household items that give a person comfort and peace, preventing his desires, making them at the same time objects of true art.

An equally significant aspect of the culture of the Enlightenment was the appeal to capturing human sensations and pleasures (both spiritual and physical) through artistic means. Among the greatest thinkers of the Enlightenment (Voltaire, Helvetius) one can find “gallant scenes” in which protest against the sanctimonious morality of the time sometimes develops into frivolity. In France, from the very beginning of the 18th century, both the public and critics began to demand from new art, first of all, “pleasant.” Such requirements were imposed on painting, music, and theater. “Pleasant” meant both “sensitive” and purely sensual. Voltaire’s famous phrase “All genres are good, except the boring” most clearly reflects this requirement of the time.

The tendency of fine art to be entertaining, narrative and literary explains its rapprochement with the theater. The 18th century is often called the “golden age of theatre”. The names of Beaumarchais, Sheridan, Fielding, Gozzi, Goldoni constitute one of the most striking pages in the history of world drama.

The theater turned out to be close to the very spirit of the era. Life itself moved towards him, suggesting interesting plots and collisions, filling old forms with new content. It is no coincidence that it was during the Age of Enlightenment that the famous Venetian carnival became not just a holiday, but precisely a way of life, a form of everyday life.

Music occupied an important place in the hierarchy of spiritual values ​​in the 18th century. If art Rococo strives, first of all, to decorate life, theater - to expose and entertain, then the music of the Enlightenment amazes a person with the scale and depth of analysis of the most hidden corners human soul. The attitude towards music is also changing, which in the 17th century was just an applied instrument of influence in both the secular and religious spheres of culture. In France and Italy, in the second half of the century, a new secular form of music, opera, flourished. The most “serious” forms developed in Germany and Austria musical works– oratorio and mass. The achievement of the musical culture of the Enlightenment era is undoubtedly the work of Bach and Mozart.

The Age of Enlightenment is characterized by a craving for adventure, adventure, travel, and the desire to penetrate a different “cultural” space. It found its manifestation in magical operas with many extraordinary transformations, in tragicomedies, fairy tales, etc.

An outstanding contribution to the history of world culture was the publication of the fundamental “Encyclopedia of Sciences, Arts and Crafts”, begun D. Diderot(1713-1784) and D'Alembert. The Encyclopedia systematizes the most important scientific achievements of mankind and approves the system cultural values, reflecting the most progressive views of the time.

He fully reflected the signs of the time, all its complexity and inconsistency - philosopher, naturalist, poet and prose writer - Voltaire. One of Voltaire's most profound and satirical works "Candide, or the Optimist" fully reflected the general trends in the development of educational literature.

The founder of educational romanticism in literature - J. J. Rousseau. His moral and aesthetic ideals were fully reflected in his most famous and significant novel "The New Eloise" The followers of Russianism were Karamzin (“ Poor Lisa"), Goethe ("The Sorrows of Young Werther"), Chaderlos de Laclos ("Dangerous Liaisons").

The Age of Enlightenment was a major turning point in spiritual development Europe, which influenced almost all spheres of socio-political and cultural life. Having debunked the political and legal norms, aesthetic and ethical codes of the old class society, the enlighteners did titanic work to create a positive system of values, addressed primarily to man, regardless of his social affiliation, which organically became part of the flesh and blood of Western civilization. Cultural heritage The 18th century still amazes with its extraordinary diversity, richness of genres and styles, depth of comprehension of human passions, greatest optimism and faith in man and his mind.

teacher of MHC MBOU gymnasium

Safonov, Smolensk region

Slide 2

Artistic culture of the 17th – 18th centuries.

Slide 3

Style (Latin) - 2 meanings:

1) the constructive principle of the structure of objects and phenomena of the cultural world (lifestyle, clothing, speech, communication, architecture, painting, etc.),

2) features of artistic creativity, art schools and movements (Hellenistic style, classicism, romanticism, modernism, etc.)

Slide 4

The emergence of new styles and the Renaissance

Renaissance (Renaissance) is an era in the cultural and ideological development of a number of European countries (XIV – XVI centuries)

Dogmatic art was replaced by the desire for a realistic knowledge of the world, faith in the creative possibilities and power of the mind of the individual.

Slide 5

Distinctive features of Renaissance culture:

• secular character,
• humanistic worldview,
• appeal to the ancient heritage.

Slide 6

S. Botticelli. Birth of Venus

Slide 7

S. Rafael. Galatea

Slide 8

From Renaissance humanism to mannerism and baroque

Mannerism (from Italian - “technique”, “manner”) - dominant artistic direction in European art of the late 16th century.

Representatives of mannerism in their work did not follow nature, but tried to express the subjective idea of ​​​​an image born in the artist’s soul.

Slide 9

Titian. Bacchus and Ariadne

Slide 10

Baroque

Baroque (“bizarre”, “strange”) is one of the dominant styles in European architecture and art of the late 16th - mid-18th centuries.

A person in Baroque art appears to be involved in the cycle and conflict of the environment, a multifaceted personality with a complex inner world.

Slide 11

Baroque art is characterized by

• gracefulness,
• splendor and dynamics,
• combination of illusory and real,
• passion for spectacular spectacles,
• contrasts of scales and rhythms, materials and textures, light and shadow.

Slide 12

GuidoReni. Aurora

Aurora, 1614, fresco, Palazzo Pallavicini Rospigliosi, Rome

Slide 13

Peter Paul Rubens. Judgment of Paris

Slide 14

P.P.Rubens.Perseus and Andromeda

Slide 15

The Age of Enlightenment in the history of art development

• Classicism as an artistic embodiment of the ideas of the Enlightenment.
• Classicism is an artistic style in European art of the 17th century. early XIX V.
• Appeal to the ancient heritage and humanistic ideals of the Renaissance.
• Subordination of personal interests to public interests, feelings to duty, idealization heroic images- the main themes of the art of classicism.

Slide 16

F. Boucher. Diana's bath

Slide 17

Rococo

• Rococo is a style that was developed in the European plastic arts of the first half of the XVIII V.
• A passion for refined and complex shapes and fancy lines.
• The goal of Rococo art is to please, touch and entertain.
• Complex love affairs, fleeting hobbies, daring and risky actions of heroes, adventures and fantasies. Gallant entertainment and celebrations are the main subjects of Rococo works.

Slide 18

Realistic trends in the development of art of the 17th – 18th centuries.

• Objectivity, accuracy and specificity in the transmission of events in the surrounding world
• Lack of idealization
• Attention to common people
• Deep perception of life and nature
• Simplicity and naturalness in conveying the world of human feelings

In the art of the 17th - 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. The presentation gives brief characteristics styles. The material corresponds to Danilova’s textbook “World Artistic Culture”, 11th grade.

Download:

Preview:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

The stylistic diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries Prepared by the teacher of fine art and art of the MKOU Secondary School of the village. Brut Guldaeva S.M.

In Europe, the process of dividing countries and peoples has ended. Science has expanded knowledge about the world. The foundations of all modern natural sciences: chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy. Scientific discoveries of the early 17th century completely shattered the image of the universe, at the center of which was man himself. If earlier art affirmed the harmony of the Universe, now man was afraid of the threat of chaos, the collapse of the Cosmic world order. These changes also affected the development of art. The 17th – 18th centuries are one of the brightest pages in the history of world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of Baroque, Rococo, Classicism and Realism, which saw the world in a new way.

ARTISTIC STYLES Style is a combination of artistic means and techniques in the works of an artist, an artistic movement, an entire era. Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism

MANNERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style), a direction in Western European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharp artistic solutions. El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. Gal., London

Characteristic features of the Mannerism (pretentious) style: Sophistication. Pretentiousness. An image of a fantastic, otherworldly world. Broken contour lines. Light and color contrast. Lengthening figures. Instability and difficulty of poses.

If in the art of the Renaissance man is the ruler and creator of life, then in the works of Mannerism he is a small grain of sand in the chaos of the world. Mannerism covered various types of artistic creativity - architecture, painting, sculpture, decorative and applied arts. El Greco "Laocoon", 1604-1614

Uffizi Gallery Palazzo del Te in Mantua Mannerism in architecture expresses itself in violations of the Renaissance balance; the use of architecturally unmotivated structural solutions that cause the viewer a feeling of anxiety. The most significant achievements of Mannerist architecture include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (the work of Giulio Romano). The building of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is designed in a mannerist spirit.

BAROQUE Baroque (Italian: barocco - whimsical) is an artistic style that prevailed from the late 16th to the mid-18th centuries. in the art of Europe. This style originated in Italy and spread to other countries after the Renaissance.

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE: Splendor. Pretentiousness. Curvature of shapes. Brightness of colors. Abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.

The main features of Baroque are pomp, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, and life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, and a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral Santiago de Compostela Church of the Virgin of the Sign in Dubrovitsy. 1690-1704. Moscow.

It is especially necessary to note in the Baroque style the fusion of various arts in a single ensemble, a large degree of interpenetration of architecture, sculpture, painting and decorative arts. This desire for a synthesis of arts is a fundamental feature of the Baroque. Versailles

CLASSICISM Classicism from lat. classicus - “exemplary” - an artistic movement in European art of the 17th -19th centuries, focused on the ideals of ancient classics. Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM: Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.

The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of social principles over personal principles, the subordination of feelings to duty, and the idealization of heroic images. N. Poussin “The Shepherds of Arcadia”. 1638 -1639. Louvre, Paris

In painting, the logical development of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, with the help of chiaroscuro the subordinate role of color, and the use of local colors acquired the main importance. Claude Lorrain "The Departure of the Queen of Sheba" Art forms Classicism is characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.

In European countries, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, it was revived in the neoclassical movements of the 19th – 20th centuries. Works of classicism architecture were distinguished by strict organization of geometric lines, clarity of volumes, and regularity of layout.

ROCOCO Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style movement in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouru Preto

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO: Refinement and complexity of forms. The whimsicality of lines and ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirtyness.

Originating in France, Rococo in the field of architecture was reflected mainly in the nature of the decor, which acquired emphatically elegant, sophisticatedly complicated forms. Amalienburg near Munich.

The image of a person lost its independent meaning, the figure turned into a detail of the ornamental decoration of the interior. Rococo painting was predominantly decorative in nature. Rococo painting, closely associated with the interior, developed in decorative and easel chamber forms. Antoine Watteau “Sailing to the Island of Cythera” (1721) Fragonard “The Swing” (1767)

REALISM Realism (French réalisme, from Late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) is an aesthetic position according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM: Objectivity. Accuracy. Specificity. Simplicity. Naturalness.

Thomas Eakins. “Max Schmitt in a Boat” (1871) The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with creativity French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition “Pavilion of Realism” in Paris in 1855. In the 1870s. realism was divided into two main directions - naturalism and impressionism. Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornans." 1849-1850

Realistic painting became widespread outside France. In different countries it was known under different names, in Russia - itinerant movement. I. E. Repin. "Barge Haulers on the Volga" (1873)

Conclusions: In the art of the 17th – 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. Heterogeneous in their manifestations, they still had unity and community. Sometimes completely opposite artistic decisions and images were only original answers to the most important questions in the life of society and man. It is impossible to express unambiguously what changes happened by the 17th century in people’s perception of the world. But it became obvious that the ideals of humanism did not stand the test of time. The environment, surroundings and reflection of the world in movement became the main thing for the art of the 17th – 18th centuries.

Basic literature: 1. Danilova G.I. World Art. Grade 11. – M.: Bustard, 2007. Literature for additional reading: Solodovnikov Yu.A. World Art. Grade 11. – M.: Education, 2010. Encyclopedia for children. Art. Volume 7.- M.: Avanta+, 1999. http://ru.wikipedia.org/

Execute test tasks: There are several answer options for each question. Answers that you think are correct should be marked (underlined or with a plus sign). For each correct answer you receive one point. Maximum amount points is 30. The sum of points scored from 24 to 30 corresponds to the test. Arrange the following eras, styles, movements in art in chronological order: a) Classicism; b) Baroque; c) Romanesque style; d) Renaissance; e) Realism; f) Antiquity; g) Gothic; h) Mannerism; i) Rococo

2. Country - birthplace of Baroque: a) France; b) Italy; c) Holland; d) Germany. 3. Match the term and definition: a) baroque b) classicism c) realism 1. strict, balanced, harmonious; 2. reproduction of reality through sensory forms; 3. lush, dynamic, contrasting. 4. Many elements of this style were embodied in the art of classicism: a) antique; b) baroque; c) gothic. 5. This style is considered lush, pretentious: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism.

6. Strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images are characteristic of this style: a) rococo; b) classicism; c) baroque. 7. Works of this style are distinguished by intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, sharpness of artistic solutions: a) rococo; b) mannerism; c) baroque. 8. Paste architectural style“The architecture of ……… (L. Bernini, F. Borromini in Italy, B. F. Rastrelli in Russia) is characterized by spatial scope, unity, and fluidity of complex, usually curvilinear forms. Often there are large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculpture on the facades and in the interiors" a) Gothic b) Romanesque c) Baroque

9. Representatives of classicism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Malevich. 10. Representatives of realism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Repin. 11. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) 14-16 centuries. b) 15-16 centuries. c) 17th century. (late 16th - mid 18th century). 12. G. Galileo, N. Copernicus, I. Newton are: a) sculptors b) scientists c) painters d) poets

13. Match the works with the styles: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism; d) rococo 1 2 3 4