home → About the mood Bazarov in the face of death message. Evgeny Bazarov in the face of love and death

Bazarov in the face of death message. Evgeny Bazarov in the face of love and death

Bazarov in the face of death (episode analysis)

Every writer, when creating his work, be it a science fiction short story or a multi-volume novel, is responsible for the fate of the heroes. The author tries not only to talk about a person’s life, depicting its most striking moments, but also to show how the character of his hero was formed, under what conditions it developed, what features of the psychology and worldview of a particular character led to a happy or tragic ending.

The ending of any work in which the author draws a peculiar line under a certain stage or the entire life of the hero in general is a direct reflection of the writer’s position in relation to the character, the result of reflections on the fate of his contemporaries.

Main character In the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” - Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov - dies at the end of the work.

Bazarov is the son of a poor district doctor, continuing the work of his father. Following author's description, we imagine him as smart, reasonable, rather cynical, but somewhere deep down in his soul he is sensitive, attentive and kind person.

The specificity of Eugene’s life position lies in the fact that he denies everything: moral ideals and values, moral principles, as well as painting, literature and other forms of art. Bazarov also does not accept the love sung by poets, considering it only “physiology.”

Bazarov is a nihilist. However, not like Sitnikov and Kukshina, for whom denial is just a mask that allows them to hide their inner vulgarity and inconsistency. Unlike them, Bazarov does not grimace, but with all the ardor of a spiritually rich and passionate nature defends views close to him.

His main goal is “work for the benefit of society,” his main task is “to live for the great goal of renewing the world.”

Bazarov considers the manifestation of such feelings as sympathy, mutual understanding, affection, tenderness, and sympathy unacceptable.

But life makes its own adjustments to his worldview. Fate brings Evgeny together with a smart, beautiful, calm and surprisingly unhappy woman - Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. Bazarov falls in love and realizes that his beliefs are at odds with the simple truths of life. Love appears before him no longer as “physiology,” but as a real, sincere feeling. This insight for Bazarov, who lives and “breathes” his nihilism, cannot pass without a trace. Along with the destruction of his beliefs, his whole life collapses, losing its meaning. Turgenev could have shown how Bazarov would gradually abandon his views, but he did not do this, but simply “dead” the main character.

Evgeniy in last days his life becomes kinder, more gentle. He longs to meet his beloved woman in order to once again confess his love to her. He becomes softer with his parents, deep down, probably still understanding that they have always occupied a significant place in his life and deserve a much more attentive and sincere attitude.

Bazarov devoted his entire life to the desire to benefit the country and science. Death for him is not just the cessation of existence, but also a sign that he “apparently is not needed” by Russia. The realization of this “uselessness” comes to Eugene at the very last moment and becomes the final stage in the death of his views, as well as his own death.

The reader understands that Bazarov has no one to convey what little, but the most precious thing he has is his beliefs. He has no near and dear person, and therefore no future. He does not imagine himself as a district doctor, but he also cannot be reborn, become like Arkady. There is no place for him in Russia, and, perhaps, abroad too. Bazarov dies, and with him his genius, his wonderful, strong character, his ideas and beliefs die. However, true life is endless, the flowers on Eugene’s grave confirm this. Life is endless, but only true.

Document
... death; on the contrary, birth and death- these are small episodes ... death. The man doesn't understand death; it defies science analysis ... Before such a person death folds. Death only retreats before... his features faces smoothed out...on bazaar changed dramatically...
Death is Osho's greatest deception
Document
... death; on the contrary, birth and death- these are small episodes ... death. The man doesn't understand death; it defies science analysis ... Before such a person death folds. Death only retreats before... his features faces smoothed out...on bazaar changed dramatically...
Thematic planning for literature in 10th grade
Thematic planning
Textbook about Goncharov's novel; to prepare for analysisepisode 21 Analysis chapters from Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov... scenes” of death B. Why the novel ends death Main character? thirty. Bazarovbeforefaceof death Analytical reading Death Bazarova...
literature lesson in 10th grade

“Bazarov in the face of death...

(based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)”

Lesson objectives:

Educational:
Educational:
story about a hero;
- development of independent thinking and creative skills
work in groups.

Educational:
Equipment:
D. Pisarev
My case is bad. I didn't expect to die so soon; it is an accident. And in a few days they will bury me. For now my head is in my power. Tomorrow or the day after tomorrow my brain will resign. Even now I’m not entirely sure whether I’m expressing myself clearly... Red dogs are running around me. I'm definitely drunk. Nothing more is needed. Strange! I want to stop my thoughts on death, but nothing comes of it. I see some kind of spot... and nothing else.

…The strength, the strength, is still here, but it is necessarydie!..The old man, at least, managed to wean himself from life, AI... Yes,come on, ptry to deny death. She denies you, and that's it! Who's crying there? Mother? Poor thing! Will she feed anyone now with her amazing borscht?

I don’t want to rave, what nonsense!.. Subtract ten from eight, how much does it come out? Wrap in cold sheets... emetic... mustard plasters to the stomach... bloodletting... a crisis has come... a crisis has passed... What does the word mean! I found him, said: “crisis” - and was consoled. Has the crisis passed or arrived?Fulfill the duty of a Christian? I am not refusing, if it can console you, but it seems to me that there is no need to rush...A crisis has arrived... The unconscious are also given communion. I'll wait. And now I want to sleep.

I'm finished. Got under a wheel. And it turns out that there was nothing to think about the future. The old thing is death, but something new for everyone. I’m still not afraid... and then unconsciousness will come... Well, what can I tell you... I loved you! This didn’t make any sense before, but even more so now. Love is a form, and my own form is already decaying.

Well, goodbye! Live long and take advantage while there is time. Look at what an ugly sight this is: the worm is half crushed and still bristling. And I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I won’t die, no matter what! There is a task, because I am a giant! And now the giant’s whole task is to die decently, although no one cares about this... It doesn’t matter.

Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t, and who needs me? A shoemaker is needed, a tailor is needed, a butcher... sells meat... butcher... wait, I'm confused... There is a forest here...

Goodbye... Goodbye...Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out...
The twenty-seventh chapter drew on a philosophical understanding of all the material, leading to the previous chapters of the narrative in I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.”

So, today we continue the lessons we started based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”.
The last pages of the novel, dedicated to the death of the main character, are the most important. According to D.I. Pisarev: “...The description of Bazarov’s death is the best place in Turgenev’s novel; I even doubt that in all the works of our artist there would be anything more remarkable.”
All the interest, the whole point of the novel

lies in the death of Bazarov...

D.I.Pisarev
The topic of the lesson is “Bazarov in the face of death... (based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”).
(Presentation: slide number 4)

Think about the epigraph, the topic and, based on these verbs, set the goals of our lesson:
During the lesson you will be able to: (read the first goal to the teacher, the second, etc. to the students)(Presentation: slide No. 5)
how it is linked to other episodes;
I ask you to make notes in your notebooks as you work on the work: key words, cliches that will be necessary to complete your homework.
Turgenev recalls: “I was walking one day and thinking about death. Following this, a picture of a dying man appeared in front of me. It was Bazarov. The scene made a strong impression on me, and then the rest began to develop characters and the action itself."

(Presentation: slide No. 6 ) ( Students read in sequence)
- these are the questions of our research work in class.
Bazarov's relationships with all the main characters: the Kirsanovs, Odintsova, his parents and partly with the people are themes already known from previous chapters. It would seem that the theme of the novel has been exhausted. However, from chapter 22, plot and compositionally, the second cycle of the hero’s wanderings begins to repeat: Bazarov first ends up with the Kirsanovs, then with Odintsova, and again with his parents.
a) Why can’t there be understanding with the “fathers”? b) Why does Arkady “leave”?

c) Why is love with Odintsova impossible?

(Presentation: slide No. 7 – key words)
…built on a collision, the antagonist of the protagonist. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov from the camp of “fathers”, verbal duels, but end in a duel, both participants in the dialogue do not hear, fanatics of their own beliefs, slaves of “principles”, the idea of friendship, relationships based on the teacher-student principle, like oneself, feelings, reason, any feelings can be curbed and eradicated in oneself by an effort of will, love is “physiology”, as a real, sincere feeling, a feeling collides with his worldview and beliefs, which have already become a part of him.

(a) Firstly, the entire novel “Fathers and Sons” is built on the collision of Bazarov with other heroes. The main antagonist of the protagonist is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov from the “fathers” camp. His clashes with Bazarov begin with verbal duels and end with a duel. In these disputes, everyone defends his own, the only correct, as it seems to him, point of view. In discussions between Evgeniy and Pavel Petrovich, the truth is not born and cannot be born, because both participants in the dialogue do not hear (or rather, do not want to hear) their opponent. It is precisely this deafness to other people’s opinions, the absolute inability to even try to understand the opposite point of view, in my opinion, that makes Bazarov and Kirsanov so distant from each other, at first glance. Both of them are fanatics of their own beliefs, slaves of “principles”.

b) Secondly, Evgeny Vasilyevich has a special idea of friendship. He thought that friendship is a relationship based on the teacher-student principle, and the teacher is always right in everything. This is exactly how Bazarov viewed his friendship with Arkady Kirsanov. He did not consider this chick a person worthy of respect. Eugene saw in Arcadia good material for creating a real person, like himself, by eradicating various nonsense like romanticism and setting him on the true path. At first, Bazarov was pleased by the admiration of his student and the role of the creator of a new man, but then, seeing that the romantic, dreamy Arkady would not make a nihilist, he simply gave up on him. He says to Arkady: So you decided to build a nest... You acted smartly. You are not created for our bitter, tart life... You are a nice fellow, but you are still a soft, liberal gentleman.
But the point is not only in Bazarov’s understanding of friendship. It’s just that Evgeny himself doesn’t know how to make friends. His arrogant, often unjustifiably rude treatment of Arkady violates all the eternal laws of human relations and inevitably leads to a break. After all, friendship is an equal partnership, respect, not slavery or patronage .

c) Thirdly, Bazarov thinks that real man should not be distracted by what is guided by feelings and not by reason: love, admiration for nature, music, poetry, art, dreams, etc., as this distances him from his goal. He himself considers himself above all this nonsense. Bazarov is confident that any feelings can be curbed and eradicated in oneself through an effort of will; life makes its own adjustments to his worldview. Fate brings Evgeny together with a smart, beautiful, calm and surprisingly unhappy woman, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. Bazarov falls in love, and, having fallen in love, he understands that his beliefs are at odds with the simple truths of life. Love appears before him no longer as “physiology,” but as a real, sincere feeling. This insight for Bazarov, who lives and “breathes” his nihilism, cannot pass without a trace. Along with the destruction of his beliefs, his whole life collapses, losing its meaning... Refuting the views of the hero, Turgenev resorts to his favorite technique - the “test of love.” Bazarov meets Odintsova, and it is from this moment that Evgeniy’s fate takes a tragic turn. A conflict is emerging in Evgeniy’s soul. The feeling that he experiences for the first time collides with his worldview and beliefs, which have already become a part of him).
The main character of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” - Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov - dies at the end of the work. Why does the author act this way? central character? Why is the description of Bazarov's death so important for understanding the meaning of the novel as a whole? The answers to these and many other questions can be found by analyzing the episode of the work, which tells about the death of the main character from chapter 27.

You worked on this chapter at home, so we won't read the whole chapter. Look through the text to remember this episode again.
All the tests which Evgeny had to endure, he endured brilliantly: he never once sinned against his convictions, he never lost his human dignity. With just one test Bazarov failed: he could not stand the clashes with the author himself , which are given in the novel as subtext, as an undercurrent. These are two collisions. Turgenev refutes thesis of his hero: Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it, - depicting nature as a temple in the novel; and then the author, showing Bazarov’s readiness to act in the spirit of his democratic convictions - to act, that is, to destroy in order to clear a place for those who will build, does not give him the opportunity to act, because, from his point of view, Russia does not yet need such actions).

a) What is the cause of death?

b) How does Bazarov behave?

c) Why does he hide his condition from his parents?

d) How does one feel about death and how does one fight illness? Confirm with text.

(A)Bazarov's death is an unfortunate and stupid accident. It was the result of a small cut he received while opening the body of a peasant who had died of typhus. The death of the hero was not sudden: on the contrary, it gave Bazarov time, the opportunity to evaluate what had been done and realize the extent of what had not been accomplished.

b) In the face of death, Bazarov is stoic, strong, unusually calm and unperturbed. Thanks to the author’s description of the hero’s condition, we feel respect for Bazarov, not pity.

c) And at the same time we constantly remember that in front of us - ordinary person with his inherent weaknesses. Bazarov hides his condition from his parents, feeling in himself a reverent, filial attitude towards the elderly: “Who is crying there? - he added after a while. - Mother? Poor thing! Will she feed someone now with her amazing borscht?...", ". Your father will tell you that this is what kind of person Russia is losing... This is nonsense; but don't dissuade the old man. Whatever the child enjoys... you know. And caress your mother. After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day..."

d) No one can calmly perceive the approach of the end, and Eugene, despite all his self-confidence, is not able to treat this with complete indifference. He regrets his unspent strength, his unfulfilled task. The “giant,” which Bazarov always considered himself to be, cannot oppose anything to death: “Yes, go ahead, try to deny death. She denies you, and that’s it!” Behind the hero’s irony one can clearly see the bitter regret of the passing minutes).
As confirmation of this, let’s read the episode “ Last meeting Bazarov and Odintsova” by role.
Herzen wrote that ending Bazarov’s life with typhus was the worst service that the author could provide him. In his opinion, science could save Bazarov, give him what he was looking for. But, on the other hand, “Fathers and Sons” is more than just a novel, it is a reflection of the era, and Bazarov is not just a hero, but a “man of the times.” Only time can complete his portrait correctly. We must wait until Bazarov himself becomes a “father”, when a new generation of “children” comes. Dying, Bazarov says: “Russia needs me... No, apparently he doesn’t need me...” On the one hand, this is annoyance at himself, at the fact that he decided to seek the truth, change the world and... died, and on the other hand On the other hand, this question that tormented him is one of the main problems of Bazarov’s existence.

The reader understands that Bazarov has no one to convey what little, but the most precious thing he has is his beliefs. He has no near and dear person, and therefore no future. He does not imagine himself as a district doctor, but he also cannot be reborn, become like Arkady. There is no place for him in Russia, and, perhaps, abroad too. Bazarov dies, and with him his genius, his wonderful, strong character, his ideas and beliefs die. But true life is endless, the flowers on Eugene’s grave confirm this. Life is endless, but only true... Therefore, in the finale it reminds of the fragility, fragility of life, the life of nature, the great values of life).
Reading the episode "In the Cemetery" ( Presentation: slide number 8, music Catalani Diva )

(Scene “At the Cemetery”: this is hope for a peaceful, happy future when injustice disappears.

Who does Russia need: him or a butcher, a shoemaker, an artisan? Is his nihilism necessary? Turgenev does not answer this question. Instead, we see a small rural cemetery in one of the corners of Russia, we see that Turgenev, as a master of words, not only found the most powerful and worthy conclusion to the novel (this is for readers), but also with a simple human gesture (and this is for himself) gave Bazarov's rebellious soul has the opportunity for reconciliation, peace, warmth, eternity, which he was deprived of. The tragedy of Bazarov lies in his very existence, in the fact that he does not find “his” truth in life).
First group:

Prove that Bazarov is a contradictory image.

What is its inconsistency? (at least 3 contradictions)

( Answer on slide number 9)

He is a nihilist, a democrat, i.e. lives for society - but is lonely;

He denies love - but he himself passionately fell in love with Odintsova;

He is proud of his closeness to the people (“my grandfather plowed the land”) - but complains that “well, he (the people) will live in a white hut, and a burdock will grow out of me”

Second group:

Untimely death. The necessary price for exclusivity.

How is this determined? The necessary price for exclusivity.

What is Bazarov like in death? He is good in death - he does not lose his dignity, he thinks about his loved ones, he does not give up his views.

(Answer on slide number 10)

Third group:

What does Bazarov come to? “Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t... And who needs me? A shoemaker, a butcher, a tailor...” these people do their work without thinking about high goals.

( Answer on slide number 11)
Teacher:
Our Bashkir poet Alexander Filippov wrote about this in one of his poems.( Presentation: slide number 12):

Everything that has been mined for centuries,

This dancing army ate it.

There was a case, stones were scattered,

Time to put them back together.
Bazarov's death is the logical conclusion of the tragic action. The tragedy of the nihilist is that he finds himself in the wrong time and in the wrong environment - here he is as if in an airless space.

Turgenev is forced to show Bazarov's death because he does not have the opportunity to show how Bazarov lives.
( Presentation: slide number 13)

Write an essay-reasoning “How I see Bazarov, if he remained alive.”

In one of the editions of the “Russian Messenger” in the 60s of the 19th century, a work was published whose main character has firmly entered the history of Russian literature. Central image in the novel “Fathers and Sons” is complex and multifaceted. According to the author himself, Evgeny Bazarov became the most attractive and interesting of the figures he created. This one represents a sharp, integral and controversial nature. It is noteworthy that only at the end of the novel, when Bazarov was faced with death, the writer revealed his character to the fullest.
The figure is gloomy and wild...
That's what one of them called literary critics Bazarov is the hero of the novel, into which Turgenev poured his soul and several years of painstaking work. Bazarov faces death in one of the last chapters of this work. The author demonstrates in this episode how changes occur in the hero’s soul in the last days of his life. The writer depicts in the final chapters a rethinking of Bazarov’s entire life.
Being a commoner and not recognizing the social foundations on which most of the people who surround him rely, he is gloomy, somewhat cynical in his expressions and can be quite harsh. But the main thing is that he is smart. There is something decisive and extraordinary in him that can save Russian society. At least that's what the author thought. When creating, Turgenev depicted a certain version of a new man.
Turgenev's favorite brainchild
Bazarov became a favorite hero for the Russian writer. In the face of death, he changes somewhat. At the end of the work, this image evokes a feeling of compassion in the reader. But why did Turgenev act so cruelly with Bazarov? After all, by his own admission, this character was his favorite brainchild. Having embodied the image of a new man in the common nihilist, he destroyed him, and at the same time all his ideas.
Representative of the new time
The fact is that in the mid-nineteenth century Turgenev observed the emergence of new people. The writer understood that something new was happening. The views and beliefs of these people were not in harmony with the foundations of the old society. They caused surprise mixed with irritation. But there was something fresh about these people, instilling hope and faith. Turgenev rejoiced at their appearance, but could not imagine their future fate. Therefore, I wrote only what I knew. The way Bazarov is depicted in the face of death perhaps confirms the writer’s opinion about the mind of a new man, but the inconsistency of his ideas, which, at least in the sixties, could not yet be translated into reality.
Odintsova and Bazarov
“In the Face of Death” is an essay on literature, which, based on one of Turgenev’s episodes, allows the student to learn about the revaluation of ideas and beliefs that occurs at the end of almost every person’s life. Bazarov treated simple earthly joys with contempt. He also considered it vulgar love relationship. Only science mattered in his life. But no matter what superhuman views he held, love arose in his heart. The sudden outbreak of feelings for Odintsova can be called a mockery of his ideas. The irony of his scientific research was that it led to an incurable disease. Completely unexpectedly, Bazarov appeared in the face of love and death - that is, in front of what he had rejected all his life.
Loneliness
This character is very different from other heroes: Kirsanov, Sitnikov, Kuvshina. The latter are his caricatured imitation. Bazarov leaves no one indifferent. It arouses interest, irritation, and curiosity. But his tragedy is that he is extremely lonely. Even in his parents' home, where he is loved and idolized, this hero does not find support. Love and understanding are the price he paid for his ideas. Bazarov realized his mistake in the face of death.
Analysis of the episode, which depicts the last days of his life, gives an idea of his inner strength and spiritual wealth. He is able to understand the inadequacy of his life. He realizes that science, which was the meaning of his existence, will not save him.
Belated lesson
Bazarov, in the face of death, also understands that his role in the fate of Russia would not be so great. Does his homeland need him? What did he do for her? He now knows the answers to these questions. He accomplished monstrously little compared to those who work hard and hard every day.
His life consisted mainly of reflections, which, however, were based on a great truth. By denying everything and everyone, he showed his obvious inadequacy. And only when he was on his deathbed did he realize all his mistakes. It is impossible to live rejecting all generally accepted human ideals and values. Existing alone and without love is not easy. Bazarov understands this. He wants to live. But he also realizes that the end, alas, is inevitable.
After death
After the episode in which the author cites the hero’s key reflections and conclusions, a few words are said about other characters. And most importantly, about the mark left on their hearts by the young nihilist who left this world so early. “Bazarov. In the face of love and death" is an essay in which one should not only characterize the main character of the novel, but also analyze his relationships with other characters.
His death became a real tragedy only for those who truly, sincerely cared for him, regardless of his nihilistic ideas and judgments. True love his parents felt for him. This feeling did not depend on any external reasons. Mother and father loved their son regardless of his worldview. For the other characters, Bazarov's death did not go unnoticed.
But the tragic death of this man did not have an indelible impression on any of them. It is not known whether Bazarov was able to do anything serious for science. The author once said that he wanted to make Bazarov a tragic face. And according to the law of the genre, such a hero must certainly suffer death at the end of the work.

Question

How did you perceive the last pages of the novel? How did Bazarov's death make you feel?

Answer

The main feeling that the last pages of the novel evoke in readers is a feeling of deep human pity that such a person dies. The emotional impact of these scenes is great. A.P. Chekhov wrote: "My God! What a luxury “Fathers and Sons” is! Just at least shout guard. Bazarov’s illness was so severe that I became weak and felt as if I had become infected from him. And the end of Bazarov?.. It’s the devil knows how it was done. Simply brilliant."

Question

How did Bazarov die? (Chapter XXVII)

“Bazarov was getting worse every hour; the disease took on a rapid course, which usually happens with surgical poisoning. He had not yet lost his memory and understood what was being said to him; he was still struggling.

“I don’t want to be delusional,” he whispered, clenching his fists, “what nonsense!” And then he said: “Well, subtract ten from eight, how much will it come out?” Vasily Ivanovich walked around like a madman, offering first one remedy, then another, and did nothing but cover his son’s feet. “Wrap in cold sheets... emetic... mustard plasters to the stomach... bloodletting,” he said with tension. The doctor, whom he begged to stay, agreed with him, gave the patient lemonade, and for himself asked for either a straw or a “strengthening-warming”, that is, vodka. Arina Vlasyevna sat on a low bench near the door and only went out to pray from time to time; a few days ago the dressing mirror slipped out of her hands and broke, and she always considered this a bad omen; Anfisushka herself did not know how to tell her anything. Timofeich went to Odintsova.”

“The night was not good for Bazarov... A severe fever tormented him. By morning he felt better. He asked Arina Vlasyevna to comb his hair, kissed her hand and drank two sips of tea.”

“The change for the better did not last long. The attacks of the disease have resumed."

“I'm finished. Got under a wheel. And it turns out that there was nothing to think about the future. The old thing is death, but something new for everyone. I’m still not afraid... and then unconsciousness will come, and fuck! (He waved his hand weakly.)"

“Bazarov was no longer destined to wake up. By evening he fell into complete unconsciousness, and the next day he died.”

Question

Why D.I. Pisarev said: “To die the way Bazarov died is the same as doing a great feat...”?

Answer

Bazarov's fatal illness is his last test. In the face of the inevitable force of nature, courage, strength, will, nobility, and humanity are fully manifested. This is the death of a hero, and a heroic death.

Not wanting to die, Bazarov fights illness, unconsciousness, and pain. Until the last minute he does not lose clarity of mind. He shows willpower and courage. He himself made an accurate diagnosis and calculated the course of the disease almost hourly. Feeling the inevitability of the end, he did not chicken out, did not try to deceive himself and, most importantly, remained true to himself and his convictions.

“...now, for real, the hellstone is not needed. If I got infected, it’s too late now.”

“Old man,” Bazarov began in a hoarse and slow voice, “my business is crappy. I am infected, and in a few days you will bury me.”

“I didn’t expect to die so soon; This is an accident, a very unpleasant one, to be honest.”

“Strength, strength,” he said, “is still here, but we have to die!.. The old man, at least he managed to wean himself from life, and I... Yes, go ahead and try to deny death. She denies you, and that’s it!”

Question

According to the beliefs of believers, those who received communion were forgiven all their sins, and those who did not receive communion fell into eternal torment in hell. Does Bazarov agree or not to take communion before his death?

Answer

In order not to offend his father, Bazarov “finally said”: “I do not refuse, if it can console you.” And then he adds: “... but it seems to me that there is no need to rush yet. You yourself say that I’m better.” This phrase is nothing more than a polite refusal to confess, since if a person feels better, then there is no need to send for a priest.

Question

Does Bazarov himself believe that he is better?

Answer

We know that Bazarov himself accurately calculated the course of the disease. The day before, he tells his father that “tomorrow or the day after tomorrow his brain will resign.” “Tomorrow” has already arrived, at most there is still a day left, and if you wait any longer, the priest will not have time (Bazarov is precise: that day “by the evening he fell into complete unconsciousness, and the next day he died”). This cannot be understood otherwise as an intelligent and delicate refusal. And when the father insists on “fulfilling the duty of a Christian,” he becomes harsh:
“No, I’ll wait,” Bazarov interrupted. - I agree with you that a crisis has arrived. And if you and I were wrong, well! after all, even the unconscious are given communion.
- Have mercy, Evgeniy...
- I'll wait. And now I want to sleep. Do not disturb me".

And in the face of death, Bazarov rejects religious beliefs. For a weak person it would be convenient to accept them, to believe that after death he can go “to heaven”; Bazarov is not deluded by this. And if they do give him communion, it will be unconscious, as he foresaw. There is no will here: this is the act of parents who find solace in this.

Answering the question why Bazarov’s death should be considered heroic, D.I. Pisarev wrote: “But to look death in the eyes, to foresee its approach, without trying to deceive oneself, to remain true to oneself until the last minute, not to weaken and not to become afraid - this is a matter of strong character... such a person who knows how to die calmly and firmly, will not retreat from an obstacle and will not will cower in the face of danger".

Question

Did Bazarov change before his death? Why did he become closer to us before his death?

Answer

The dying Bazarov is simple and humane: there is no longer any need to hide his “romanticism.” He thinks not about himself, but about his parents, preparing them for a terrible end. Almost like Pushkin, the hero says goodbye to his beloved and says in the language of a poet: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out.”

He finally uttered “other words” that he had been afraid of before: “... I loved you!.. Goodbye... Listen... I didn’t kiss you then...” “And caress your mother. After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day…” Love for a woman, filial love for his father and mother merge in the consciousness of the dying Bazarov with love for his homeland, for mysterious Russia, which remains an incompletely solved mystery for Bazarov: “There is a forest here.”

Before his death, Bazarov became better, more humane, softer.

Question

In life, Bazarov dies from an accidental cut on his finger, but is the death of the hero in the composition of the novel accidental?

Why does Turgenev end his novel with the death scene of the main character, despite his superiority over other characters?

Answer

About his departure, Bazarov says: “Russia needs me... No, apparently I’m not needed. And who is needed?

Every plot and compositional device reveals the writer’s ideological intent. Bazarov's death, from the author's point of view, is natural in the novel. Turgenev defined Bazarov as a tragic figure, “doomed to destruction.”

There are two reasons for the hero's death - his loneliness and internal conflict. Both of these interrelated reasons were part of the author's intention.

Question

How does Turgenev show the hero's loneliness?

Answer

Consistently, in all of Bazarov’s meetings with people, Turgenev shows the impossibility of relying on them. The first to fall away are the Kirsanovs, then Odintsova, then the parents, then Fenechka, he has no true students, Arkady also leaves him, and finally, the last and most important clash occurs with Bazarov before his death - a clash with the people.

“Sometimes Bazarov went to the village and, teasing as usual, entered into a conversation with some peasant.
-What were you talking about?
- It is known, master; does he really understand?
- Where to understand! - answered the other man, and, shaking their hats and pulling down their sashes, they both began to talk about their affairs and needs. Alas! shrugging his shoulder contemptuously, knowing how to talk to the peasants, Bazarov (as he boasted in a dispute with Pavel Petrovich), this self-confident Bazarov did not even suspect that in their eyes he was still something of a fool...

The new people look lonely compared to the vast majority of the rest of society. Of course, there are few of them, especially since these are the first new people. Turgenev is right in showing their loneliness in the local and urban nobility; he is right in showing that here they will not find helpers.

The main reason for the death of Turgenev’s hero can be called socio-historical. The circumstances of Russian life in the 60s did not yet provide an opportunity for fundamental democratic changes, for the implementation of the plans of Bazarov and others like him.

“Fathers and Sons” caused fierce controversy throughout Russian history literature of the 19th century century. And the author himself, with bewilderment and bitterness, stops before the chaos of contradictory judgments: greetings from enemies and slaps in the face from friends.

Turgenev believed that his novel would serve to unite the social forces of Russia, that Russian society would heed his warnings. But his dreams did not come true.

“I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, exhausted, but still doomed to death, because it still stands on the threshold of the future.” I.S. Turgenev.

Exercise

1. Share your feelings about the novel.
2. Did the hero evoke your sympathy or antipathy?
3. Do the following assessments and definitions of him coexist in your idea of him: smart, cynic, revolutionary, nihilist, victim of circumstances, “genius”?
4. Why does Turgenev lead Bazarov to death?
5. Read your miniature essays.

Death of Bazarov

The main character of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” - Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov - dies at the end of the work. Bazarov is the son of a poor district doctor, continuing the work of his father. Life position Evgeniy is that he denies everything: views on life, feelings of love, painting, literature and other forms of art. Bazarov is a nihilist.

At the beginning of the novel, a conflict occurs between Bazarov and the Kirsanov brothers, between the nihilist and the aristocrats. Bazarov's views differ sharply from the beliefs of the Kirsanov brothers. In disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Bazarov wins. Therefore, there is a gap for ideological reasons.

Evgeniy meets Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a smart, beautiful, calm, but unhappy woman. Bazarov falls in love, and having fallen in love, he understands that love no longer appears to him as “physiology,” but as a real, sincere feeling. The hero sees that Odintsova highly values her own calmness and measured order of life. The decision to part with Anna Sergeevna leaves a heavy mark on Bazarov’s soul. Unrequited love.

The “imaginary” followers of Bazarov include Sitnikov and Kukshina. Unlike them, for whom denial is just a mask that allows them to hide their inner vulgarity and inconsistency, Bazarov, with confidence in his abilities, defends views close to him. Vulgarity and insignificance.

Bazarov, having arrived to his parents, notices that he is getting bored with them: Bazarov cannot talk to either his father or his mother the way he talks to Arkady, or even argue the way he argues with Pavel Petrovich, so he decides to leave. But soon he comes back, where he helps his father treat sick peasants. People of different generations, different development.

Bazarov likes to work, for him work is satisfaction and self-esteem, so he is close to the people. Bazarov is loved by children, servants and men, because they see him as simple and smart person. The people are their understanding.

Turgenev considers his hero doomed. Bazarov has two reasons: loneliness in society and internal conflict. The author shows how Bazarov remains lonely.

Bazarov's death was the result of a small cut he received while opening the body of a peasant who had died of typhus. Evgeny is waiting to meet the woman he loves in order to once again confess his love to her, and he also becomes softer with his parents, deep down, probably still understanding that they have always occupied a significant place in his life and deserve a much more attentive and sincere attitude. Before death, he is strong, calm and calm. The death of the hero gave him time to evaluate what he had done and realize his life. His nihilism turned out to be incomprehensible, since he himself is now denied by both life and death. We feel not pity for Bazarov, but respect, and at the same time we remember that before us is an ordinary person with his fears and weaknesses.

Bazarov is a romantic at heart, but he believes that romanticism has no place in his life now. But still, fate made a revolution in Evgeny’s life, and Bazarov begins to understand what he once rejected. Turgenev sees him as an unrealized poet, capable of the strongest feelings, possessing fortitude.

DI. Pisarev claims that “It’s still bad for the Bazarovs to live in the world, even though they sing and whistle. No activity, no love, and therefore no pleasure.” The critic also argues that one must live “while one can live, eat dry bread when there is no roast beef, be with women when one cannot love a woman, and generally not dream about orange trees and palm trees when there are snowdrifts and cold tundra underfoot.”

Bazarov's death is symbolic: medicine and natural Sciences, in which Bazarov so relied. But from the author's point of view, death is natural. Turgenev defines the figure of Bazarov as tragic and “doomed to death.” The author loved Bazarov and repeatedly said that he was “clever” and a “hero.” Turgenev wanted the reader to fall in love with Bazarov with his rudeness, heartlessness, and ruthless dryness.

He regrets his unspent strength, his unfulfilled task. Bazarov devoted his entire life to the desire to benefit the country and science. We imagine him as an intelligent, reasonable, but deep down, sensitive, attentive and kind person.

According to his moral convictions, Pavel Petrovich challenges Bazarov to a duel. Feeling awkward and realizing that he is compromising his principles, Bazarov agrees to shoot with Kirsanov Sr. Bazarov slightly wounds the enemy and himself gives him first aid. Pavel Petrovich behaves well, even makes fun of himself, but at the same time both he and Bazarov are embarrassed / Nikolai Petrovich, from whom they hid the real reason duel, also behaves in the most noble manner, finding justification for the actions of both opponents.

“Nihilism,” according to Turgenev, challenges the eternal values of the spirit and the natural foundations of life. This is seen as the tragic guilt of the hero, the reason for his inevitable death.

Evgeny Bazarov can in no way be called an “extra person.” Unlike Onegin and Pechorin, he is not bored, but works a lot. Before us is a very active person, he has “immense strength in his soul.” One job is not enough for him. In order to really live, and not drag out a miserable existence, like Onegin and Pechorin, such a person needs a philosophy of life, its goal. And he has it.

The worldviews of the two political trends of nobles-liberals and revolutionary democrats. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of the most active representatives of these trends, the commoner Bazarov and the nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. According to Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action; they are of no use. Bazarov rejects liberalism, denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future.

The reader understands that Bazarov has no one to convey what little, but the most precious thing he has is his beliefs. He has no near and dear person, and therefore no future. He does not imagine himself as a district doctor, but he also cannot be reborn, become like Arkady. There is no place for him in Russia, and, perhaps, abroad too. Bazarov dies, and with him his genius, his wonderful, strong character, his ideas and beliefs die. But true life is endless, the flowers on Eugene’s grave confirm this. Life is endless, but only true...

Turgenev could have shown how Bazarov would gradually abandon his views; he did not do this, but simply “dead” his main character. Bazarov dies from blood poisoning and before his death he admits that he is an unnecessary person for Russia. Bazarov is still alone, and therefore doomed, but his fortitude, courage, perseverance, and perseverance in achieving his goal make him a hero.

Bazarov does not need anyone, he is alone in this world, but does not feel his loneliness at all. Pisarev wrote about this: “Bazarov alone, by himself, stands at the cold height of sober thought, and this loneliness does not bother him, he is completely absorbed in himself and work.”

In the face of death, even the most strong people They begin to deceive themselves and entertain unrealistic hopes. But Bazarov boldly looks into the eyes of inevitability and is not afraid of it. He only regrets that his life was useless, because he did not bring any benefit to his homeland. And this thought gives him a lot of suffering before his death: “Russia needs me... No, apparently, I don’t. And who is needed? I need a shoemaker, I need a tailor, I need a butcher..."

Let us remember the words of Bazarov: “When I meet a person who would not give up in front of me, then I will change my opinion about myself.” There is a cult of power. “Hairy,” - this is what Pavel Petrovich said about Arkady’s friend. He is clearly offended by the appearance of a nihilist: long hair, hoodie with tassels, red unkempt hands. Of course, Bazarov is a working man who does not have time to take care of his appearance. This seems to be the case. Well, what if this is “intentional shocking of good taste”? And if this is a challenge: I dress and do my hair the way I want. Then it is bad, immodest. The disease of swagger, irony towards the interlocutor, disrespect...

Speaking purely from a human perspective, Bazarov is wrong. At his friend’s house he was greeted cordially, although Pavel Petrovich did not shake hands. But Bazarov does not stand on ceremony and immediately enters into a heated argument. His judgment is uncompromising. “Why would I recognize authorities?”; “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than a poet”; he reduces high art to “the art of making money.” Later it would go to Pushkin, Schubert, and Raphael. Even Arkady remarked to a friend about his uncle: “You insulted him.” But the nihilist did not understand, did not apologize, did not doubt that he behaved too impudently, but condemned: “He imagines himself to be a practical person!” what kind of relationship is this between a man and a woman...

In Chapter X of the novel, during a dialogue with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov managed to speak out on all the fundamental issues of life. This dialogue deserves special attention. Bazarov claims that the social system is terrible, and one cannot but agree with this. Further: there is no God as the highest criterion of truth, which means do what you want, everything is permitted! But not everyone will agree with this.

There is a feeling that Turgenev himself was at a loss while exploring the character of the nihilist. Under the pressure of Bazarov’s strength and firmness and confidence, the writer became somewhat embarrassed and began to think: “Maybe this is necessary? Or maybe I’m an old man who has ceased to understand the laws of progress?” Turgenev clearly sympathizes with his hero, and treats the nobles condescendingly, and sometimes even satirically.

But a subjective view of the characters is one thing, the objective thought of the entire work is another matter. What is it about? About the tragedy. The tragedies of Bazarov, who, in his thirst for “doing things for a long time”, in his enthusiasm for his god-science, trampled upon universal human values. And these values are love for another person, the commandment “thou shalt not kill” (fought in a duel), love for parents, forbearance in friendship. He is cynical in his attitude towards women, mocks Sitnikov and Kukshina, narrow-minded people, greedy for fashion, miserable, but still people. Eugene excluded from his life high thoughts and feelings about the “roots” that feed us, about God. He says: "I look at the sky when I want to sneeze!"

The tragedy of the hero is also completely alone, both among his own people and among strangers, although both Fenechka and the emancipated servant Peter sympathize with him. He doesn't need them! The men who called him “a buffoon” feel his inner contempt for them. His tragedy lies in the fact that he is inconsistent in his attitude towards the people whose name he hides behind: “...I hated this last man, Philip or Sidor, for whom I have to bend over backwards and who won’t even say thank you to me... And why should I thank him? Well, he will live in a white hut, and I will grow into a burdock - well, what then?"

It is interesting that before his death Bazarov remembers the forest, that is, the natural world that he previously essentially denied. Now he even calls on religion for help. And it turns out that Turgenev’s hero in his short life passed by everything that was so beautiful. And now these manifestations of true life seem to triumph over Bazarov, around him and rise within him.

At first, the hero of the novel makes a feeble attempt to fight the disease and asks his father for a hellstone. But then, realizing that he is dying, he stops clinging to life and rather passively surrenders himself into the hands of death. It is clear to him that consoling himself and others with hopes of healing is in vain. The main thing now is to die with dignity. And this means - don’t whine, don’t relax, don’t panic, don’t give in to despair, do everything to ease the suffering of elderly parents. Without deceiving his father’s hopes at all, reminding him that everything now depends only on the time and pace of the disease, he nevertheless invigorates the old man with his own steadfastness, conducting a conversation in professional medical language, and advising him to turn to philosophy or even religion. And for the mother, Arina Vlasyevna, her assumption about her son’s cold is supported. This concern for loved ones before death greatly elevates Bazarov.

The hero of the novel has no fear of death, no fear of losing his life, he is very courageous in these hours and minutes: “It’s all the same: I won’t wag my tail,” he says. But he is not left with resentment that his heroic forces are dying in vain. In this scene, the motive of Bazarov's strength is especially emphasized. First, it is conveyed in the exclamation of Vasily Ivanovich, when Bazarov pulled out a tooth from a visiting peddler: “Evgeny has such strength!” Then the hero of the book himself demonstrates his power. Weakened and fading, he suddenly lifts the chair by the leg: “The strength, the strength is all still here, but we must die!” He imperiously overcomes his semi-oblivion and speaks of his titanism. But these forces are not destined to manifest themselves. “I’ll screw up a lot of things” - this task of the giant remains in the past as an unrealized intention.

The farewell meeting with Odintsova also turns out to be very expressive. Evgeniy no longer restrains himself and utters words of delight: “glorious”, “so beautiful”, “generous”, “young, fresh, pure”. He even talks about his love for her, about kisses. He indulges in such “romanticism” that would previously have led him to indignation. And the highest expression of this is the hero’s last phrase: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out.”

Nature, poetry, religion, parental feelings and filial affection, the beauty of a woman and love, friendship and romanticism - all this takes over and wins.

And here the question arises: why does Turgenev “kill” his hero?

But the reason is much deeper. The answer lies in life itself, in the social and political situation of those years. Social conditions in Russia did not provide opportunities for the realization of the commoners' aspirations for democratic changes. Moreover, their isolation from the people to whom they were drawn and for whom they fought remained. They could not accomplish the titanic task that they set for themselves. They could fight, but not win. The stamp of doom lay on them. It becomes clear that Bazarov was doomed to the impracticability of his affairs, to defeat and death.

Turgenev is deeply convinced that the Bazarovs have come, but their time has not yet come. What can an eagle do when it cannot fly? Think about death. Evgeniy, in the midst of his everyday life, often thinks about death. He unexpectedly compares the infinity of space and the eternity of time with his short life and comes to the conclusion of “his own insignificance.” It is amazing that the author of the novel cried when he ended his book with the death of Bazarov.

According to Pisarev, “to die the way Bazarov died is the same as having accomplished a great feat.” And Turgenev’s hero accomplishes this last feat. Finally, we note that in the death scene the thought of Russia arises. It is tragic that the homeland is losing its great son, a real titan.

And here I remember the words Turgenev said about the death of Dobrolyubov: “It’s a pity for the lost, wasted strength.” The same author's regret is felt in the scene of Bazarov's death. And the fact that powerful opportunities were wasted makes the hero’s death especially tragic.

Tutoring
Need help studying a topic?
Our specialists will advise or provide tutoring services on topics that interest you.
Submit your application indicating the topic right now to find out about the possibility of obtaining a consultation.