Essay “The Theme of Friendship in I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” Bazarov and Arkady. Evgeny Bazarov: the image of the main character, Bazarov’s attitude towards others Fathers and sons are an example of true friendship
Bazarov and Arkady. The theme of friendship. Friendship is the spiritual closeness of people, mutual understanding, willingness to understand another person, to help him in a difficult situation. If there is no mutual understanding between friends, then there can be no true friendship. I. S. Turgenev writes about this in the novel “Fathers and Sons”.
His main character- Evgeny Bazarov. He is a man of new times, a nihilist. Bazarov gets carried away natural sciences, is preparing to become a doctor, dreams of transformations in Russia, of improving the lives of the peasantry. Arkady Kirsanov is drawn to Bazarov precisely because he is not like others and is passionate about new ideas. Kirsanov tries to imitate his friend. But for Bazarov, Arkady is a young boy, a romantic, whom he treats with condescension.
Arkady and Evgeny were raised in different conditions. Kirsanov grew up in his father's rich landowner's house, and from childhood he was surrounded by parental care and affection. Life in the village flowed sleepily and leisurely. Nikolai Petrovich, his father, lived like other landowners, “occasionally went hunting and took care of the farm.”
Evgeniy's parents live much more modestly, in a small village house covered with a thatched roof. His family is closer to the common people: his father is a former military man, his mother is “a real Russian noblewoman of the past.” They live the old fashioned way, accustomed to work. And Evgeniy, in a dispute with Pavel Petrovich, proudly declares: “My grandfather plowed the land.” Evgeny was used to working since childhood, and even on vacation at the Kirsanov estate, “Arkady was sybaritizing, Bazarov was working.” He conducts experiments on frogs, treats ordinary people. Arkady strives to help his friend, but I think that natural sciences are not his passion. He is closer to nature, music, poetry. And yet Kirsanov is drawn to Bazarov as a person; it is not for nothing that he pronounces the word “nihilist” with such pathos. In the Kirsanovs' house, Bazarov is a stranger, the old people do not share his beliefs, they have their own principles.
It is strange to them that Bazarov denies art, poetry, religion, love. And it’s hard for Arkady to understand his friend’s beliefs, although he supports him. Kirsanov Jr. finds his happiness in his love for Katya Odintsova, because these heroes have a lot in common.
Family happiness is important to Arkady. Bazarov falls in love with Katya's sister, Anna Odintsova. However, Anna rejects his feelings. Gradually, Bazarov and Arkady become more and more distant from each other, because they do not have common interests. Moreover, Evgeny himself pushes his friend away: “You gentle soul, you weakling, where can you hate!.. You are a nice fellow, but you are still a soft, liberal gentleman...”
In my opinion, Bazarov himself is to blame for his loneliness. None of the people around him understand or accept nihilism. Evgeny himself pushes away both his sweet, kind parents and Arkady. Kirsanov is sorry to say goodbye to his friend, because his soul cannot hate someone or push someone away. If you want to have real friends, you must accept them, perhaps come to terms with some shortcomings, and not impose your opinion. The strong, of course, can subjugate the weak, but this is not friendship, but only admiration. True friendship is built on mutual understanding, common interests and the ability to give in.
The theme of friendship is one of the leading ones in Russian XIX literature century. “My friends, our union is wonderful! He, like a soul, is indivisible and eternal” - this is how A.S. characterized him. Pushkin true friendship.
The theme of friendship is also presented in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".
The main character of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, appears before the reader along with his friend Arkady. It seems like they are like-minded people. Friends study together at the medical faculty of the university. Arkady idolizes his comrade, admires his progressive views, extraordinary character and independent behavior. And Bazarov is one of those people who needs students and admirers. However, this friendship turned out to be short-lived. What is the reason?
Bazarov and Arkady are completely different people. According to his convictions, Bazarov is “a democrat to the core.” Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov and wants to be like him.
Bazarov, in any environment, in any home, is engaged in business - the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Arkady does not do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace.
They have completely different opinions regarding art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. Arkady cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in the life of a nobleman. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, and speech patterns.
The development of relations between Bazarov and Arkady develops into a conflict. Bazarov’s views do not become an organic part of Arkady’s worldview, which is why he abandons them so easily. “Your brother, a nobleman,” says Bazarov to Arkady, “cannot go beyond noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing. You, for example, don’t fight - and you already imagine yourself to be great - but we want to fight.” Bazarov disagrees with Arkady on the main thing - his idea of life, the purpose of man.
Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Bazarov breaks up with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him. Bazarov says that he has other words for Arkady, but to express them is romanticism for Bazarov.
Their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. “Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it at all” (D. Pisarev) - this is the main thing in the disagreements of the heroes.
Friendship, like love, is an eternal feeling. Years pass, life changes, new interests appear, new ideas are born, but the problem of relationships between people connected by mutual attraction and spiritual kinship will always worry humanity. Castor and Pollux - this is the name of the mythological twin brothers Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov calls his son Evgeniy and his friend Arkady Kirsanov.
An idealist and romantic, he admires their strength and blooming youth, not even suspecting what tests their friendship is being subjected to at this moment.
What connects Bazarov and Kirsanov, what is the basis of friendship between people? It can be assumed that, firstly, this is an interest in the personality of another person; secondly, sincerity and honesty in relationships. On the first pages of the novel, Bazarov seems more interesting to readers than Arkady. He suppresses his friend by his strength of character and unusual worldview. One may recall that Odintsova, Bazarov’s failed love and Kirsanov’s first passion, admits that at first Arkady seemed insignificant to her.
But the author depicts the heroes in different life situations, and we see in Arcadia such character traits that cannot but arouse sympathy and affection for him. Arkady adores his “good friend”, almost reveres him. He asks his father to pay attention to his friend, about whom he talked so much in his letters: “Please, dad, caress him. I can’t tell you how much I value his friendship.”
Arkady is a devoted like-minded person of Bazarov, his diligent student. In a dispute between “fathers and sons,” he takes the side of his friend. Following Bazarov, he repeats all his sayings, although they sound very unnatural for someone who is sincere in their expression of feelings. young man, nature loving, music, art.
They argue a lot, but in disputes Bazarov always turns out to be right, and Arkady gives in to him. So, he decides to “enlighten” his father when he replaces Pushkin’s volume with a scientific monograph. Nevertheless, in some cases, Arkady categorically disagrees with his friend: for example, Bazarov’s mockery of his father playing the cello in the village does not evoke sympathy in him. Kirsanov is trying to convince Bazarov that people, in particular his uncle Pavel Petrovich, must be treated fairly, their lives must be understood, and not just condemned. He even shows more attention and sensitivity to Bazarov’s parents than Evgeniy himself, who does not want to delve into their feelings and experiences. Arkady speaks enthusiastically about Bazarov when his father asks him about Evgeniy: “Your son is one of the most wonderful people I've ever met."
But from a certain point in their relationship, Arkady begins to understand “the whole bottomless abyss of Bazarov’s pride.” He reflects on who he is to his friend: Are you and I gods? that is, you are a god, and am I not a fool?”
Thus, Bazarov, with all his intelligence, uniqueness, and brightness of personality, often causes bewilderment of others with his actions and speeches. But what is most surprising is the limitation of his interests to a certain professional framework and complete indifference to everything else, that is, to life itself, to its endless diversity and beauty. Yes, in some ways Bazarov is right and in some ways he is really great (where is the “liberal baric” Kirsanov before him), but there is something in which Arkady surpasses him.
It is generally accepted that Bazarov fails in both friendship and love, alienating his devoted friend. But is it? Friendships arise between people when their interests, attractions, and activities intersect. Bazarov and Kirsanov met at the university and became close on the basis of nihilism and reasoning about the usefulness of things, people, relationships, but then their views diverged. Arkady still wanted to devote himself to the search for truth, but not where before. And Bazarov tells him: “We say goodbye forever... you were not created for our bitter, tart, stale life.”
The heroes' life paths diverged, but was their friendship in vain? Here Arkady reproaches Bazarov for his absence sincere words, to which Bazarov replies: “I have other words, but I won’t express them, because this is romanticism.” This is how Arkady’s sincerity and youthful ardor influenced his friend, who was restrained in expressing his feelings.
And although Arkady, carried away by love, quickly forgets his mentor, Bazarov’s influence on his attitude to life also does not pass without a trace. In the epilogue, Turgenev shows his hero passionate about farming, happy in family life and love. But Arkady and Katya understand that their friend who left early meant a lot to them and raise a toast: “In memory of Bazarov...”
In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” published in 1862, I.S. Turgenev revealed the image of a new hero of Russian life. Bazarov is a nihilist, revolutionary democrat. This strong personality capable of influencing other people. Bazarov is self-confident, endowed with a natural mind, and educated. In the novel, he is shown accompanied by a younger, naive and simple-minded friend - Arkady Kirsanov.
The young people studied together: they attended a course of lectures at the university. After studying, the two of them take turns visiting their relatives and moving from one place to another. Analysis of the relationship between the two heroes allows us to understand their characters, the strength of their beliefs and the strength of their friendship.
Bazarov is the leader in this pair. He treats Arkady condescendingly and patronizingly. Kirsanov called his friend a mentor; he “respected his teacher” and considered Bazarov “one of the most wonderful people.” Arkady's still unformed nature is entirely under the influence of Bazarov, who, although he is frank with him, always keeps him in a secondary role. Arkady does not notice and does not understand this. He tells Odintsova about his friend “in such detail and with such delight that Odintsova turned to him and looked attentively.”
In disputes with Bazarov, Arkady “usually remained defeated, although he spoke more than his comrade.” However, this does not bother him at all, since he sees in Bazarov a man for whom “a great future awaits.”
Arkady loves to talk a lot and beautifully. Bazarov is restrained, although he is trying to explain a lot about himself to his student. Therefore, young Kirsanov skillfully formulates Bazarov’s credo, implying that he himself adheres to the same principles. “A nihilist is a person who does not bow to any authority, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respectful this principle may be.” At the same time, Arkady does not notice that he himself is just an echo of Bazarov. The latter clearly sees this and, on occasion, unambiguously makes it clear to Arkady that in his judgments he does not rise above “opposite commonplaces,” and believes that Arkady’s “beautiful” speeches are simply “indecent.”
The attitude of friends towards Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Odintsova first gave a crack in their friendship, and then completely led to a break. The merciless battles between the democrat Bazarov and the liberal conservative Kirsanov upset Arkady and were unpleasant to him; he tried to soften the conflict between his uncle and friend. Thus, he characterizes his uncle, whom Bazarov immediately began to despise: “... He has a kind heart. And he is far from stupid."
Gradually, the young man realizes that he cannot, like Bazarov, hate people, much less his loved ones. It has a strongly related element. Arkady's beliefs are essentially the same as Pavel Petrovich's. Nihilism for him is a fashionable hobby. In addition, Bazarov is hardworking, and Arkady, like his uncle, is a sybarite. On his father's estate he leads an idle life. Bazarov almost stops communicating with him, and in rare moments of revelation, Bazarov does not stand on ceremony with his friend, does not spare his pride. He directly tells his friend: “You are a gentle soul, a weakling, where can you hate!.. You are timid, you have little hope for yourself...”
During Pavel Petrovich's duel with Bazarov, Arkady was on Odintsova's estate. But when he found out about this, he “even became saddened... he smiled forcedly, but his heart felt terrible and somehow ashamed.” Arkady was very worried that because of his friend, towards whom he was already beginning to feel an almost hostile feeling and annoyance, his uncle almost died.
Bazarov’s hostility towards his friend also intensifies. He does not hide his ironic attitude towards Arkady when he fell in love with Odintsova. Both young people are tested for the strength of their friendships through their love for Anna Sergeevna. At first, Eugene denied love, considered this feeling “romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art.” Subsequently, he was overcome by a strong feeling. Bazarov fell in love with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova truly, deeply, passionately. And Arkady convinced himself that he was in love with Anna Sergeevna. His feelings for her are superficial, not like those of a friend. Nevertheless, Arkady wants to free himself from Bazarov’s despotism and runs away from him to Nikolskoye. He wanted to test his strength alone, to make at least one independent decision, without the patronage of Eugene. However, one addiction in Arkady is immediately replaced by another. He quickly realized that he felt good and easy with his sister Odintsova. Now Katya began to lead him in life.
When parting with Bazarov, Arkady forgets all his bilious and sometimes hostile antics. He threw himself on his neck “and tears flowed from his eyes.” But already in the evening of the same day, Arkady completely forgot about his mentor. Arkady Bazarov did not leave any trace or even memories of himself in the life of Arkady. After his marriage to Katya and the birth of his son, Arkady “became a zealous owner.”
Before his death, Bazarov does not even want to see Arkady. He gives him a derogatory description: “... this chick! Now he’s in trouble.” For Bazarov, the jackdaw is a symbol of comfort, peace, and family happiness. This destiny is not for him.
There was no true friendship in the life of the main character. Relations with Arkady very quickly exhausted themselves. Bazarov's fate is tragic. This is an “extra person”. Therefore, he has no real like-minded friends. Turgenev believed that Bazarov's time had not yet come. The main character, endowed with a stronger character, finds himself idle in Russia in accordance with his role as an “extra person,” and Arkady finds his place in life
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The problem of friendship and love in the novel "Fathers and Sons".
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” caused a great resonance in society. After all, this work touches on very important issues, both for society as a whole and for each person individually. “I tried to imagine the conflict of two generations,” Turgenev wrote about the concept of his novel. And each reader has his own assessment of whether the writer succeeded in doing this or not. Personally, I think that the conflict between fathers and children is very pronounced. It's no secret how deeply the dispute between the main character of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, and Uncle Arkady wounded his heart.
It is worth noting that Turgenev is a hidden, but at the same time true psychologist. The author not only depicts the inner world of each character, he penetrates into their depths, trying to understand and demonstrate to us the reasons for their actions and behavior.
It’s no secret that the novel primarily deals with the problem of relationships between generations; the worldviews of “fathers” and “children” collide before our eyes. From the very first lines after Bazarov's arrival in Maryino, we see that he is not like those residents who were there. He is different from both his friend Arkady and his parents. What are these differences, you ask? First of all, in understanding life, goals. It was no coincidence that a conflict arose between Eugene and Uncle Arkady.
So, two friends - Arkady and Evgeny, they have a lot in common, but even more differences. So, if Bazarov despises many people, then his friend, on the contrary, is more friendly and peaceful. “You, gentle soul, are a weakling,” says Bazarov when he realizes that Arkady can no longer be his follower.
It is worth noting that there is a difference in the literary preferences of the heroes. For example, we see that Bazarov categorically refuses to accept the poetry of such a Russian poet as Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, while he cannot argue for his position. Arkady acts in this case as the complete opposite of his comrade.
There is also a big difference between friends both in appearance and behavior. While Arkady is very neat and tidy in his image, Bazarov is careless, because he does not consider it necessary to follow such little things, which is manifested in the speech, manners and behavior of the protagonist. He does not like, for example, a “beautiful” phrase. “Oh, my friend, Arkady Nikolaevich,” he says to his young admirer, I ask one thing, don’t speak so beautifully! Therefore, we can conclude: Bazarov is the personification of a simple person who strives to understand this world.
In conclusion, I want to say that despite the numerous differences between the heroes, they still cannot be called friends. I believe that Evgeny has no friends at all, because not everyone can endure this man’s difficult temper. Arkady and the main character are friends, but nothing more. I believe that friendship cannot exist without mutual understanding, which is why there cannot be friendship between heroes.
