→ Painting “Morning in a Pine Forest”: description and history of creation. Bears of discord, or how Shishkin and Savitsky quarreled Shishkin in a pine forest

Painting “Morning in a Pine Forest”: description and history of creation. Bears of discord, or how Shishkin and Savitsky quarreled Shishkin in a pine forest

Exposition

The film is popular due to its entertaining plot. However true value The work is a beautifully expressed state of nature, seen by the artist in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. What is shown is not a dense dense forest, but sunlight breaking through the columns of giants. You can feel the depth of the ravines and the power of centuries-old trees. And the sunlight seems to timidly peek into this dense forest. The frolicking cubs feel the approach of morning. We are observers of wildlife and its inhabitants.

Story

Shishkin was suggested to the idea of ​​the painting by Savitsky. Savitsky painted the bears in the film itself. These bears, with some differences in poses and numbers (at first there were two of them), appear in the preparatory drawings and sketches. Savitsky turned out the bears so well that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. However, when Tretyakov acquired the painting, he removed Savitsky’s signature, leaving the authorship to Shishkin. Indeed, in the picture, Tretyakov said, “from the concept to the execution, everything speaks about the manner of painting, about the creative method that is characteristic of Shishkin.”

  • Most Russians call this painting “Three Bears,” despite the fact that there are not three, but four bears in the painting. This is apparently due to the fact that during the Soviet era, grocery stores sold “Bear-toed Bear” candies with a reproduction of this picture on a candy wrapper, which were popularly called “Three Bears.”
  • Another erroneous common name is “Morning in a Pine Forest” (tautology: a forest is a pine forest).

Notes

Literature

  • Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Correspondence. Diary. Contemporaries about the artist / Comp. I. N. Shuvalova - Leningrad: Art, Leningrad branch, 1978;
  • Alenov M. A., Evangulova O. S., Livshits L. I. Russian art XI - early XX centuries. - M.: Art, 1989;
  • Anisov L. Shishkin. - M.: Young Guard, 1991. - (Series: Life of Remarkable People);
  • State Russian Museum. Leningrad. Painting of the XII - early XX centuries. - M.: Fine Arts, 1979;
  • Dmitrienko A. F., Kuznetsova E. V., Petrova O. F., Fedorova N. A. 50 short biographies masters of Russian art. - Leningrad, 1971;
  • Lyaskovskaya O. A. Plein air in Russian painting of the 19th century. - M.: Art, 1966.

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Shishkin I. N. Kramskoy. Portrait of the artist I. I. Shishkin. (1873, Tretyakov Gallery) Date of birth: 1832 Date of death: 1898 ... Wikipedia

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The author of the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” is the great Russian artist Ivan Ivanovich (1832-1898). However, only the landscape itself belongs to his hand. The main characters of the picture - three cubs and a she-bear - were painted by someone else famous artist Konstantin Apollonovich. The erroneous idea that “Morning in a Pine Forest” was painted only by Shishkin is due to the fact that Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, who bought the painting for his collection, erased Savitsky’s signature.

History of the painting

The painting was painted in 1889. Canvas, oil. Dimensions: 139 × 213 cm. Currently located in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. Interestingly, the painting was originally titled “Bear Family in the Forest.”

It is believed that Ivan Shishkin came up with the plot of the film during a visit to Gorodomlya Island, which is located on Lake Seliger. Here the painter saw untouched nature, a dense forest that amazes the imagination with its beauty and pristine nature.

Initially, there were no bears in the picture, only the forest landscape itself. Ivan Shishkin was an unsurpassed landscape painter, but he was not strong in animalism, that is, depicting animals. Therefore, the bears were painted by another artist - Konstantin Savitsky.

Description of the artwork “Morning in a pine forest”

The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” literally captivates the viewer with its extraordinary beauty. The centuries-old forest amazes with its power and untouched nature. Pines with thick trunks and gnarled branches seem to hint at their ancient nature. The forest is drowning in a whitish fog, which early in the morning covered everything around with a milky curtain.

The painting shows early morning. The sun is just beginning to rise and the forest is beginning to take on the golden hues of dawn. Since the sun cast its first rays on the very tops of the trees, they contrast sharply with the twilight inside the forest. Such a beautiful transition of colors and shades is mesmerizing. The shades of the picture smoothly change from dark green below to bright gold above.

In the foreground is a fallen pine tree. A bear family has gathered here. Three restless bear cubs crawl along a broken trunk. Nearby is a mother bear who is watching over her cubs, who still want to play and explore everything unfamiliar. One of the cubs stands on its hind legs and peers deep into the fog-shrouded forest. In this way, he intrigues the viewer, so that you want to follow his gaze, peer deep into the picture to see what the frozen bear cub saw in the distance.

Plot

With rare exceptions, the subject of Shishkin's paintings (if you look at this issue broadly) is one - nature. Ivan Ivanovich is an enthusiastic, loving contemplator. And the viewer becomes an eyewitness to the painter’s meeting with his native expanses.

Shishkin was an extraordinary expert on the forest. He knew everything about trees of different species and noticed errors in the drawing. During plein airs, the artist’s students were ready to literally hide in the bushes, just so as not to hear criticism in the spirit of “Such a birch cannot exist” or “these pine trees are fake.”

The students were so afraid of Shishkin that they hid in the bushes

As for people and animals, they occasionally appeared in Ivan Ivanovich’s paintings, but they were more of a background than an object of attention. “Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps the only painting where bears compete with the forest. For this, thanks to one of Shishkin’s best friends - the artist Konstantin Savitsky. He suggested such a composition and depicted animals. True, Pavel Tretyakov, who bought the canvas, erased Savitsky’s name, so for a long time the bears were attributed to Shishkin.

Portrait of Shishkin by I. N. Kramskoy. 1880

Context

Before Shishkin, it was fashionable to paint Italian and Swiss landscapes. “Even in those rare cases when artists took on the task of depicting Russian localities, Russian nature became Italianized, adjusted to the ideal of Italian beauty,” recalled Alexandra Komarova, Shishkin’s niece. Ivan Ivanovich was the first who painted Russian nature realistically with such ecstasy. So that looking at his paintings, a person would say: “There is a Russian spirit there, it smells like Russia.”


Rye. 1878

And now the story of how Shishkin’s canvas became a wrapper. Around the same time that “Morning in a Pine Forest” was presented to the public, Julius Geis, head of the Einem Partnership, was brought a candy to try: a thick layer of almond praline between two wafer plates and enrobed chocolate. The confectioner liked the candy. Geis thought about the name. Then his gaze lingered on a reproduction of a painting by Shishkin and Savitsky. This is how the idea of ​​“Teddy Bear” came about.

The wrapper, familiar to everyone, appeared in 1913, created by the artist Manuil Andreev. To the plot of Shishkin and Savitsky, he added a frame of fir branches and the stars of Bethlehem - in those years, candy was the most expensive and desired gift for the Christmas holidays. Over time, the wrapper has gone through various adjustments, but remains conceptually the same.

The fate of the artist

“Lord, will my son really be a painter!” — Ivan Shishkin’s mother lamented when she realized that she could not convince her son, who had decided to become an artist. The boy was terribly afraid of becoming an official. And, by the way, it’s good that he didn’t. The fact is that Shishkin had an uncontrollable urge to draw. Literally every sheet that was in Ivan’s hands was covered with drawings. Just imagine what the official Shishkin could do with the documents!

Shishkin knew all the botanical details about trees

Ivan Ivanovich studied painting first in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg. Life was hard. The artist Pyotr Neradovsky, whose father studied and lived with Ivan Ivanovich, wrote in his memoirs: “Shishkin was so poor that he often did not have his own boots. To go out somewhere from the house, it happened that he put on his father's boots. On Sundays they went to lunch together with my father’s sister.”


In the wild north. 1891

But everything was forgotten in the summer in the open air. Together with Savrasov and other classmates, they went somewhere out of town and painted sketches from life there. “It was there, in nature, that we really learned... In nature, we studied, and also took a break from the casts,” Shishkin recalled. Even then he chose the theme of his life: “I truly love the Russian forest and only write about it. The artist needs to choose the one thing that he loves most... There is no way to throw it away.” By the way, Shishkin learned to masterfully paint Russian nature abroad. He studied in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Switzerland. The paintings brought from Europe brought in the first decent money.

After the death of his wife, brother and son, Shishkin drank for a long time and could not work

Meanwhile, in Russia, the Peredvizhniki protested against the academicians. Shishkin was incredibly happy about this. In addition, many of the rebels were friends of Ivan Ivanovich. True, over time he quarreled with both of them and was very worried about this.

Shishkin died suddenly. I sat down at the canvas, just about to start working, and yawned once. and that's all. This is exactly what the painter wanted - “instantly, right away, so as not to suffer.” Ivan Ivanovich was 66 years old.

MOSCOW, January 25 - RIA Novosti, Victoria Salnikova. 185 years ago, on January 25, 1832, Ivan Shishkin was born, perhaps the most “folk” Russian artist.

During Soviet times, reproductions of his paintings hung in many apartments, and the famous bear cubs from the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” migrated to candy wrappers.

Ivan Shishkin’s paintings still live their own life, far from the museum space. What role did Vladimir Mayakovsky play in their history and how Shishkin’s bears ended up on the wrappers of pre-revolutionary sweets - in the RIA Novosti material.

"Get a savings book!"

In Soviet times, the design of the candy wrapper did not change, but “Mishka” became the most expensive delicacy: in the 1920s, a kilogram of candy was sold for four rubles. The candy even had a slogan: “If you want to eat Mishka, get yourself a Savings Book!” This phrase from the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky even began to be printed on wrappers.

Despite the high price, the delicacy was in demand among buyers: the artist and graphic artist Alexander Rodchenko even captured it on the Mosselprom building in Moscow in 1925.

In the 1950s, the “Bear Bear” candy went to Brussels: the “Red October” factory participated in the World Exhibition and received the highest award.

Art in every home

But the story of “Mornings in a Pine Forest” was not limited to sweets. Another popular trend in Soviet times was reproductions classical works art.

© Photo: Public Domain Ivan Shishkin. "Rye". Canvas, oil. 1878

Unlike oil paintings, they were cheap and sold in any bookstore, so they were available to almost every family. "Morning in a Pine Forest" and "Rye", another one popular painting Ivan Shishkin, decorated the walls of many Soviet apartments and dachas.

“Bears” also ended up on tapestries—a favorite detail of Soviet people’s interiors. Over the course of a century, “Morning in a Pine Forest” has become one of the most recognizable paintings in Russia. True, a casual viewer is unlikely to immediately remember its real name.

In exchange for drugs

The works of Ivan Shishkin are popular with robbers and scammers. On January 25, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus discovered a work of art stolen in Russia in the car of drug couriers. The painting "Forest. Spruce" from 1897 was stolen in 2013 from the Vyaznikovsky Historical and Art Museum in the Vladimir region. According to preliminary information, drug couriers brought the canvas to Belarus at the request of a potential buyer from Europe. The cost of the painting could reach two million dollars, but the attackers planned to sell it for 100 thousand euros and three kilograms of cocaine.

Last year, criminal investigation officers suspected a 57-year-old woman of stealing the painting “Preobrazhenskoe” from 1896. The woman received this work from a famous collector for sale, however, according to investigators, she appropriated it.

 

 
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