A set of exercises for the prevention of postural disorders in preschool children; methodological development (middle group) on the topic. Prevention of poor posture Exercises to prevent posture in preschool children

• Walking in deep squat, hands on the belt.
• Walking backwards in a deep squat (keep your shoulders and head straight, maintain stability by balancing your arms); the same, in the hands of a medicine ball weighing 1 kg.
• Squat in pairs, standing with your back to each other (arms can be bent at the elbow joints).
• Walk in a deep squat, hands on your belt, behind your head (do not tilt your head, keep your back straight).
• I. p. - emphasis sitting at the back. Raising your legs while holding your shins.
• I. p. - kneeling. Shifting the center of gravity of the body to the right and left; the same, hands behind your head.
• I. p. - emphasis lying on your back. Flexion - extension in the knee and hip joints according to the possible amplitude.
• I. p. - lying on your back. Circular rotations in the hip joints according to the possible amplitude (the same, in support on the forearms, in support while sitting behind).
• I. p. - lying on your back. Circular rotations of the legs with bending and extension of the knees; the same, in support on the forearms, in support while sitting behind.
• I. p. - lying on your back, hands behind your head. Raising straight legs until they touch the floor behind your head.
• I. p. - lying on your back, arms to the sides. Accept the group, return to i. P.
• I. p. - lying on your back along the gymnastic bench, legs on the left. Extending straight legs to the side over the bench.
• I. p. - lying on your back, legs bent at the knees, hands behind your head, in support. Straightening the arms and legs (“bridge” position).
• I. p. - lying on your stomach along the bench, grab the edges of the bench with your hands. Arching the back, tilting the head back; the same, hands behind your head, move your elbows and tilt your head back; the same thing, arms up, move straight arms up and back.
• I. p. - emphasis lying on the floor. Bend back as far as possible.
• Walking while sitting, legs to the sides.
• I. p. - crouching emphasis; lying position.
• I. p. - o. With. Emphasis crouched - emphasis lying down, emphasis crouched - and. P.
• I. p. - emphasis sitting at the back; support sideways on one hand (the other at the top); the same in the other direction.
• I. p. - crouching emphasis; stand on the left (right leg), arms up - to the sides on the left and right legs, arms up - to the sides (“Swallow”) - and. P.
• I. p. - wide stance; crouching emphasis - lying emphasis - and. p. - lying position - i. p., the same, do not bend your knees; emphasis bending over - from a lying position, move your hands, accept and. p., without bending your knees.
• I. p. - wide stance. Transferring the center of gravity from one leg to the other, bending and straightening your legs.
• I. p. - o. With. Alternating leg swings with arms moving back in series of 3-5 times with a gradual increase in amplitude; the same, with clapping under the foot during the swing; the same with hands touching toes.
• I. p. - stand on one leg with support on the gymnastic wall at the level of the hip joint. Spring bends towards the raised leg with a gradual increase in amplitude and changing legs.
• I. p. - standing with your back to the gymnastic wall at a distance of 30-40 cm. Alternately, step your right (left) leg back, bend in the chest with your arms moving up and back until your hands touch the rails.
• I. p. - standing with your back to the gymnastics wall, hands up, hold on to the bar. Using your hands to grip the slats, bend to a horizontal position - and. P.
• I. p. - standing with your back to the gymnastics wall, holding the slats at head level. Tilt with alternately moving the right (left) leg forward, bending, straightening your arms.
• I. p. - stand facing the wall at a distance of 0.5 m. Bend - straighten your arms by pushing against the wall.
• I. p. - lying position. Alternately moving your arms to the sides, forward, up.
• I. p. - lying down, alternately moving the arms back and up while simultaneously raising the right (left) leg.
• Moving with side steps with a load on the head left and right.
• Bend to the right, left, forward with a gymnastic stick on your shoulders.
• From a supine position, lifting and lowering dumbbells with straight arms; the same, lying on a bench, face down, hands on the belt, grabbing the bar of the gymnastic wall with your heels, raising and lowering the body.
• "Bridge" with lowering back.

Angela Utrobina
A set of exercises for the prevention of poor posture and flat feet for children 5–7 years old

I. P - sitting on a chair,

1 - Raising and bringing your heels together without lifting your toes off the floor;

2 - grabbing the ball with your feet and lifting it;

3 - maximum flexion and extension of the feet;

4- grasping and lifting various objects with your toes (pebbles, pencils, etc.);

5 - sliding your feet forward and backward using your fingers;

6 - squeezing a rubber ball with your feet;

7 - gathering the fabric rug into folds with your toes;

8 - rolling a stick with your feet;

I.P – standing:

9 - body rotations without displacement, (perform without jerking);

10 - roll from heel to toe and back;

11 - half squat and squat on toes, arms to the sides, up, forward;

12 - climbing the gymnastic wall (stand on the slats with the middle of the foot);

13 - walking on a gymnastic stick;

14 - walking on a beam with inclined surfaces;

15 - walking on a ribbed board;

16 - walking on toes up and down an incline plane;

17 - walking on a foam mattress;

18 - walking in place on a massage mat.

Sets of exercises for poor posture with a gymnastic stick.

1. Set of exercises:

1. I. p. - lying on your stomach, arms bent at the elbows, palms under the chin, legs straight and closed. On the count of 1, raise the straight right leg, on the count of 2, lower it. The same with the left foot. Repeat 2-3 times with each leg.

2. I. p. - lying on your stomach, stretch your arms in front of you, straighten your legs and close them. On the count of 1, raise your straight right leg and left arm, on the count of 2, lower it. The same - changing the leg and arm. Repeat 2-3 times.

3. I. p. - lying on your stomach, stretch your arms in front of you, straighten your legs and close them. Spread your arms to the sides, then bend your elbows and move them under your chest, imitating the movements of a swimmer. At the same time, the chest rises slightly (reliance on the abdominal muscles). Do not bend your legs or lift them off the floor. Repeat 3-5 times.

4. I. p. - lying on your back, pick up a stick. On the count of 1, raise your arms above your head, on the count of 2-5, make movements with your legs that imitate riding a bicycle. Return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

5. I. p. - sitting on your heels, stretch your arms in front of you. On the count of 1, lean forward and place your hands on the floor. On the count of 2, quickly slide and move your whole body forward, straightening your legs, touching your chest and stomach to the floor, without moving your arms. Return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

2. Set of exercises:

6. I. p. - emphasis on hands and knees. Raise your right arm and right leg (parallel to the floor, stay in this position, extending your palm and foot. Return to the standing position. Do the same - changing arms and legs. Repeat 2-3 times.

7. I. p. - lying on your stomach, take your arms with a gymnastic stick back and bend at the elbows, legs straight. Bend over, lift your arms and legs off the floor and stay in this position for a few seconds. Return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

8. I. p. - lying on your back, straighten your arms and place them behind your head, legs straight. Swing your arms up, sit down without lifting your legs off the floor, and stretch upward. Stay in this position for a few seconds and return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

9. I. p. - lying on your stomach, straighten your arms with a stick back, legs straight. Bend over, raising your head, arms behind your back, and straight, closed legs. Return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

3. Set of exercises:

10. I. p. - lying on your back, place your straight arms behind your head, raise your straight closed legs at an angle of 45 degrees. Lower. Repeat 5 times.

11. I. p. - lying on your stomach, place your hands under your chest, shoulder-width apart. Do push-ups on your hands several times without lifting your feet off the floor. Return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

12. I. p. - lying on your back, arms along the body, legs straight. Run for a few seconds "scissors" without bending your knees. Return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

13. I. p. - lying on your stomach, arms extended in front of you, legs straight, head lowered. Raise your head and stretch your arms and legs straight. Stay in this position. Return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

14. I. p. - lying on your back, arms along the body, legs straight. Raise your straight, closed legs and bring them, if possible, behind your head. Return to i. n. Repeat 2-3 times.

After exercises - stand up, jog or walk briskly around the room, gradually slowing down the pace.

Publications on the topic:

Swimming as a means of preventing and correcting postural disorders in preschool children Swimming as a means of preventing and correcting postural disorders in children preschool age. Swimming strengthens the body and improves it.

A set of exercises to prevent flat feet A set of exercises to prevent flat feet. GOAL: 1. To instill in children a desire to take care of their health. 2. Improve health.

Summary of morning exercises with elements of breathing exercises, exercises for the prevention of poor posture Summary of organization and conduct morning exercises(with elements of breathing exercises, exercises to prevent poor posture).

Summary of a physical education lesson in the senior group: “Pilots - pilots” (prevention of poor posture and flat feet). Goal: prevention of poor posture and flat feet in children through the use of gymnastic balls (fitballs) and gymnastic sticks.

Consultation for parents “Prevention of postural disorders and flat feet in preschool children” A healthy spine, correct posture, a well-formed chest, as well as symmetrically and sufficiently developed muscles are not.

Consultation for parents. Prevention of poor posture for preschool children. Consultation for parents. Prevention of postural disorders in preschool children. Instructor physical culture MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 3" Avdeev.

Mandryka Larisa Anatolyevna

higher physical education teacher qualification category

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 153" of the Kirov district of Kazan

PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSON SUMMARY IN 1ST CLASS WITH PARENTS

Prevention of poor posture

THE PURPOSE OF THE LESSON: to acquaint students and their parents with methods of prevention and methods for identifying poor posture at home.

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Educational: ensure that students and their parents understand the concept of posture, teach them physical exercise and outdoor games for the prevention of poor posture in children 6-8 years old.

Educational: contribute to the development of flexibility, strength of the back and abdominal muscles, a sense of rhythm and communication skills in students.

Educational: bring up careful attitude to their health and the health of others, to develop the ability to assess the state of their health, to promote the rapprochement of parents and children.

Wellness: To form correct posture in students.

TYPE OF LESSON: learning new material.

TYPE OF LESSON : a game

FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF STUDENTS IN THE LESSON : frontal, group, in pairs.

LOCATION: gym.

REQUIRED INVENTORY AND EQUIPMENT:

Parts of the lesson and their content	Dosage time	Guidelines	Notes
I . Introductory – preparatory part of the lesson. Construction. Greeting, announcement of the topic of the lesson: “Journey to the Land of Good Posture.” Lesson objectives: During today's Journey to the Land of Good Posture, you guys and your parents will learn some information about posture, find out if you have correct posture and learn exercises and games to prevent poor posture. You already know that posture is an arbitrary and habitual position of the spine. A good spine is a flexible spine. And before you get to the Land of Good Posture, you need to earn a pass, i.e. demonstrate your flexibility. Now we will perform several flexibility tests, and you will check yourself whether you have good flexibility or not. (At the teacher’s command, all lesson participants disperse around the perimeter of the room and stop near the textbook and cube, previously laid out by the teacher). Flexibility tests: In the cervical spine: tilt your head forward, touch your chin to your chest; At the elbow joints: arms to the side, palms up, bend your elbows. In the shoulder joints: take the cube in your right hand, lift it up, bend it at the elbow behind your head, bend your left hand behind your back. Pass the cube from your right hand to your left and vice versa. In the wrist joints: extend your arms forward, palms inward, bend your hands inward. In the hip joints: i.p. – o.s. maximum forward tilt In the knee joints and ankles and feet: kneel down, try to sit on the floor Flexibility guys, this is a physical quality of a person that allows us to move beautifully, gracefully, gives ease and confidence in movement. No wonder adults say: “The spine is flexible - the body is young.” We perform a spinal flexibility test. Take a piece of plasticine from the cube, take a step away from the wall, lean back, raise your hands up and stick the plasticine to the wall with both hands. Remember your marks, guys and adults, because at the end of the lesson we will return to them. Well! Well done to all of you and you’ve earned your pass to the Land of Good Posture. And the first thing awaiting us is warm-up. Stand against the wall, press the back of your head, shoulder blades, buttocks, and heels against it. Without changing your back position, take a step forward. Remember this state and try to maintain it until the end of the lesson. This position of the back is the position of correct posture. Take the textbook, put it on your head - let's start warming up. Warm-up Walking on toes Walking on your heels Walking on the outside and inside of the foot Walking in a half squat (At the teacher’s command, everyone removes the textbook from their heads and puts it in a pile in the indicated place) Running at a slow pace Breathing exercise		They line up in the center of the long wall of the hall, alternating between parents and students. The teacher greets the lesson participants, thanks the parents for coming to the lesson, and draws attention to appearance. When addressing parents, do not use a lot of terminology so that children understand what is being said. The tests are completed by both children and parents. Do not open your mouth, keep your shoulders in place. Those who reach their chest with their chin have good flexibility. Hands parallel to the floor. If you touch the shoulder with your hand, the flexibility is excellent, if you touch it with your fingers, it is good. Do not bend over, keep your feet apart. If you can transfer the cube, then the flexibility is good. Do not bend your elbows, keep your fingers straight. If the hands are perpendicular to the arm, then flexibility is excellent. Do not bend your knees. If you reach the floor with your palms, the flexibility is good; if you reach with your fingers, it’s average. Legs slightly apart. The toes are pulled back. If you sit on the floor freely, then flexibility is good. Legs are parallel. If the plasticine is not lower than shoulder level, the flexibility is poor. Play a rhythmic melody. It is better to use melodies of children's songs that are familiar to children. Place the textbook on the top of your head and try not to drop it. Keep the rhythm, distance 2 steps Hands up, palms in Arms to the sides, parallel to the floor Hands on the field, elbows back Hands forward, palms inward Distance 2 steps, do not speed up	It is better to conduct the lesson in the second quarter, when children are familiar with the types of formations and rearrangements, when they are accustomed to the teacher and more or less understand the terminology. It is best if there are not 20 people present at the lesson. If the size of the gym allows, then delimit areas for games, warm-ups, exercises, etc. posters with the name of the zones (for example, “City of Games” or “Warm-up Station”) During the tests, parents control themselves and the child. The teacher comments on the result if they meet unclear words for children, then explain it in a way that is understandable to them. Praise the lowest inclination among children and parents. While walking, do not bend your arms, keep your fingers straight. Praise everyone who has never dropped their textbook
(At the teacher’s command, the class stops around the perimeter of the hall) Sipping 1-4 head rotation to the left 5-6 to the right I.p. - Same 1-4 head tilts left, right, forward, backward I.p. - Art. legs apart arms in front of chest 1-2 torso turn to the left 3-4 to the right I.p. - Art. legs apart, hands on waist 1-4 body tilt left, right, forward, backward I.p. – o.s. 1 - bend forward, touch your knees with your hands 2 – socks I.p. – o.s. 1.3 squats, arms forward Jumping on the left, right and both legs Breathing exercise Well done guys and your parents! We have finished warming up and the City of Knowledge awaits us. (At the teacher’s command, everyone sits on benches)		Distance 2-3 steps Keep the rhythm, perform to the count. The back is straight, the pace is slow. Movements are smooth. Hands parallel to the floor, do not lift your heels off the floor. Do not bend your legs, do not slouch. The movements are springy, do not bend your legs. Your back is straight, your arms are straight, and when squatting, your knees are slightly apart. Jumps are small and frequent. Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth
II . The main part of the lesson. Guys! In the Land of Good Posture in the city of Knowledge, the kindest doctor wants to meet with us. Who do you think it is? Of course, Doctor Aibolit. (Doctor Aibolit appears) Hello guys! Hello parents! I want to tell you a little about posture, and to make it clearer what I’m talking about, I will use a model of a human skeleton. After kindergarten your daily routine has changed and you begin to move less and sit more and more often - at your desk at school, at the table at home when doing homework, at the computer, etc. All this has a bad effect on your posture. Whether your posture is correct can also be determined visually (using the example of a student): the shoulders are turned, the head is held straight, the shoulder blades fit tightly to the chest, the stomach is tucked, all the curves of the spine are preserved: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral. Let's look at them on a model of the human skeleton (shows and names the bends). Dear parents! If these curves begin to bend to the left, to the right - this is scoliosis, if forward, backward - lordosis. Scoliosis can be determined by the level of the shoulders (if some shoulder is in this direction) or by pressing on the spine, run your finger from top to bottom along the back. But we will conduct a test for the presence of lordosis in your child (everyone gets up from the benches and picks up a ruler and a cord with weights, which the teacher had previously laid out behind the bench). Take a lace with a weight (using the example of a student) and lower it from the back of the head so that the lace comes into contact with the interscapular cavity and between the gluteal fold. Place a ruler horizontally on a vertical plumb line, first in the area of ​​the 7th cervical vertebra, then in the recess of the lower back. Take measurements, remember the numbers: Cervical lordosis: good 2.57-2.62 cm satisfactory 2.5-2.56 or 2.63-2.64 cm unsatisfactory 2.52 or 2.65 cm Lumbar lordosis: good 3.20-3.26 cm satisfactory 3-18-3 cm or 3.27-3.28 3.17 or 3.29 unsatisfactory		The role of Doctor Aibolit can be a high school student, a parent, or the teacher himself. If this does not work, then invite the school doctor or nurse for a conversation. The doctor’s presentation should last no more than 2-3 minutes. Parents can examine their child at the same time. Parents assess their child's posture. Data is only suitable for ages 6-8 years
Another test is the test for slouch. Take a measuring tape, feel the protruding bones above the shoulder joints in front of the children and measure the distance between them. This is shoulder width. Now let's measure the distance between these points from the side of the back; the tape should run along the upper edge of the shoulder blades. This is the shoulder arch. Do the calculation on a calculator (the teacher also placed a measuring tape and a calculator behind the bench in advance) shoulder width (cm) shoulder arc (cm) X 100% If the indicator is 90% or less, then there is a stoop, if 100% - 110% is the norm, if 120 – consult a doctor immediately Guys! It is no secret that if there is a curvature of the spine, then the internal organs suffer. Not only are they compressed, they are also poorly supplied with oxygen and nutrients. Look at the layout of the vertebrae. You see that vessels and nerves pass between them, and if a vertebra moves or bends, it pinches them, and the organ to which these vessels are directed soon begins to ache. You see, guys, how important it is to take care of your spine, how everything in our body is interconnected. And now I say goodbye to you. I wish you and your loved ones health. Guys! Let's applaud Doctor Aibolit and say thank you! We leave the city of Knowledge and visit the capital of the Land of Good Posture – Gracia.		It is not necessary to bring a calculator to everyone, since the calculation is carried out very quickly. A model made of tin cans, with red and red laces running between them. white. The jar is a vertebra, the red cord is a vessel, the white cord is a nerve. The layout is designed by the teacher.
(At the teacher’s command, the class is rebuilt into 4 lines. Parents take gymnastic mats for themselves and their child). Dear Guys! Your parents and I really want you to look beautiful and move easily. To do this, it is very necessary that the spine be straight. But the spine cannot stand on its own. It is held by the muscles of the back and abdomen. Therefore, for good posture it is not enough to be flexible; you also need strong back and abdominal muscles. Now we will learn the exercises that you will do at home with your parents. They are very light and suitable for your age. Exercises to develop correct posture. I.p. – o.s. 1 – rise on your toes, hands to your shoulders, palms forward 2-3 hold I.p. - Art. hands behind head 1-3 hands up, palms out, inhale 4 – i.p. exhalation I.p. – o.s. 1 – hands to shoulders 2 – hands up 3 – hands to shoulders I.p. – o.s. 1 – arms up, left leg back 3 – also with the right foot I.p. - Art. hands on belt 1 – bend over, elbows back 2-3 – hold I.p. - Art. legs apart 1-2 – bend forward, hands behind head I.p. - Art. legs apart 1-3 – springy forward bends I.p. - Art. legs apart, hands on waist 1.3 – jump legs together, clap overhead I.p. lying on your back, hands on your waist 1-2 – raise your legs I.p. Same "bike" I.p. lying on your stomach, hands in front of your chest imitation of breaststroke swimming I.p. lying on your stomach with your arms to your sides 1-3 bend over, raise your arms and legs Walking on a leaf, raising your knees high I.p. – o.s. 1 – hands up, inhale, stretch 2,3,4 – “drop” your hands, bend forward slightly – exhale Guys! The exercises we did can be used for morning exercises. To be a frequent visitor to the Land of Good Posture, you need to do exercises every day. We will do the following exercises with parents. These are stretching exercises.		Interval, distance 2 steps. The pace is slow, the back is straight. The pace is slow, the shoulder blades are retracted The pace is slow, keep your posture, you can put the textbook on your head The pace is average, bend over Average pace, bring your shoulder blades together The pace is average, try to bend over The pace is average, do not bend your knees, try to touch the floor The pace is fast, arms are straight Legs straight, pace average The pace is fast, do not touch the floor with your feet The pace is average, bend over The pace is average, praise the best bending of the student and parent. Demonstrate. The pace is medium, turning into slow, keep your posture The tempo is slow	During all the exercises, the teacher explains which muscles are working. Can be used musical accompaniment(preferably accordion) or recitative. For example: “The engine got sick, it was very overheated. There is no steam, trouble has come, water is flowing from the boiler. The engine was trembling all over, the mechanic began to treat him, sometimes with a chisel, sometimes with a key: he was a gentle doctor.” If the teacher felt an emotional decline during the lesson, then before the stretching exercises, you can conduct an active game to develop correct posture. If the lesson lasts 30 minutes, then do not perform stretching exercises, go straight to the final part of the lesson.
Stretching exercises. The child lies on his stomach, the parent sits on his lap “in the head” of the child. The parent, leaning back, easily pulls the arm of the person lying towards him without bending his own. The muscles of the forearm are stretched and the joints of the hands are affected. When tension is achieved, you can twist the child's arm. I.p. - Same. The same actions, but with legs. The leg muscles are stretched and the knee and hip joints are affected. I.p. the child lies on his back. The same actions with hands. I.p. Same. The same procedure with the legs. The child lies on his left side, arms extended forward, straight right leg extended forward. Lower, lightly pressing your right shoulder onto the floor, and hold your pelvis. “Twisting” occurs. The same on the right side. The spine, abdominal and back muscles are involved. The child sits on the floor, legs apart. Bend forward towards the left and right legs. The parent presses lightly on the back with both hands in the area of ​​the shoulder blades. The same thing, from graying the legs together the spine is involved, the back muscles and the back of the legs are stretched. Relaxation exercise – lie on your back, arms to the sides, legs apart, relax the body, breathe freely. Guys! Let's get up slowly! We leave the city of Gracia. To do this, we gather together as a “train” and “go” to our parents.		Do everything at a slow pace, turn on the music. The child’s body is relaxed, straight, maintain this position until the end of the exercise. First they pull one hand, then the other, then both. Explain grip methods. Perform slowly and carefully. Do not lift your feet off the floor. Don't bend your legs, whoever is good at pulling their socks over themselves. The parents sat on the benches. Turn off the music.	The teacher walks around the room, controls the degree of tension, points out mistakes or encourages the lesson participants.
III . The final part of the lesson. Guys and parents! Posture can be developed not only through exercises, but also through play. And the last station in the land of Good Posture will be the City of Games.
Game "Watchman and Sparrows" They choose a driver - a “watchman”, children - “sparrows”. A circle with a diameter of 3-4 m is laid out from jumping ropes. Cubes are placed in a circle - “grains” 2 times larger than the number of participants in the game. The driver stands in a circle and says: “Sparrows are little sparrows, little gray feathers. You will peck the crumbs from my palm.” After the words, the children jump into the circle on two legs, take a cube (only one of each) and quickly jump out of the circle. The driver tries to tarnish the players. The one who is stained puts the “grains” in a circle. At the end of the game, those who collected the most “grains”, those who were stained, are noted, and they perform posture exercises. Guys! Our journey is coming to an end. Of course, it was useful, and I hope it was interesting for you. But we will now check how effective it is! (Parents and students approach their plasticine marks on the wall and attach the second piece of plasticine in the same way as at the beginning of the lesson) Summarizing. Summing up the lesson, the teacher announces the result of the test with plasticine (you have become more flexible, you have grown up), asks the children a few questions about the lesson, says that posture is also affected by the condition of the foot and this is a topic for a future lesson. Distributes reminders to parents (appendix), announces grades for the lesson. Thank you to the children and parents for participating in the lesson.		The driver can be chosen from among the parents; a circle can be drawn with chalk. Instead of cubes, use skittles, pebbles, etc. Repeat the game 2-3 times. The driver can be changed. Parents perform the exercise, then insure their children. The teacher notes whose mark is located below the first.	You can measure the child’s height at the beginning and end of the lesson. Compare the result. If growth has increased, then conclude that FC promotes the growth of the body. If growth has decreased, then the child has received too much load.

References:

Magazine "FC at school" No. 1, 1996, p. 55

Magazine "FC at school" No. 2, 1998, p. 74

Journal "Encyclopedia of Health" No. 5, 2006, p. 21

The book “the path to health” by P.P. Morev, p. 108

Brochure “FC and Sports” No. 1, 1990, p. 170

Brochure “The spine is flexible - the body is young” Yu.A. Peganov, A.A. Berzina, p. 17

Brochure “The Magic Power of Stretching” by E.I. Zuev, p. 37

Toolkit“Lesson”, Kazan 2000, Salakhova F.N., Gumerova M.Sh.

Methodological manual “Lesson analysis as a form of methodological work” Mochalova N.M., Kazan, 2004

Methodological manual “Typical mistakes in organizing a lesson” Mochalova N.M., Ufa, 2002

Book "Physics Lesson in modern school» E.M. Bravermann, Moscow, 1993

Manual "Analysis modern lesson» G.Ch. Takhtamysheva, Kazan, 2003

Manual “Organizational steps to create a school that promotes health” V.N. Kasatkin, S.M. Chechelnitskaya, E.L. Rachevsky

Collection “Creation of health-saving technologies in modern schools” RMK Kirov OO, Kazan, 2004

Internet resources

Application to a physical education lesson in 1st grade.

REMINDER FOR PARENTS

What affects the condition of our spine? How to maintain good posture in children? The causes of spinal diseases can be different. Doctors say that these may also be psychological prerequisites that arise even in early childhood. It is known that frequent prohibitions coming from parents hinder the development of a child. The child is confused and constrained: numerous “no”s seem to fetter him, he ceases to be alive, playful and spontaneous. This, in turn, is reflected in the position of the child’s spine and in its movements: it also becomes constrained and tense. Therefore, parents, when you forbid something to your child, watch him. If the child wilts and becomes quiet, it means that you used too much pressure to prohibit him, so urgently switch his attention (for example, to a game). Breathing has an important influence on the formation of posture. If a child gets used to shallow, shallow breathing, the chest muscles will be poorly developed, which will lead to stooping.

Anything that strengthens its muscles is good for the back (swimming, cycling, skiing, etc.). Any movements, even light exercises under the guidance of an adult, will maintain the tone of the child’s back muscles, create and strengthen a “muscle corset,” which will ultimately form correct posture.

Correct posture contributes to the proper functioning of internal organs. Poor posture can lead to impaired blood supply to the brain and, as a result, to rapid fatigue and decreased attention. And this makes it difficult for a child to learn. The spine bears a very large load, so it must be protected. If your child's back is tired, he needs to warm up, lie down on a flat surface, or give him a massage.

When strengthening a child’s posture, it is necessary to maintain a sense of proportion. It is important to remember that your baby gets tired quickly and therefore physical education classes should not be too long. It is also necessary to remember that your child’s spine consists mainly of cartilage tissue, so it is more fragile and elastic than that of an adult. You need to protect it from bruises and damage. We give you, as an example, a set of exercises and an outdoor game for developing correct posture in children 6-8 years old.

Set of exercises “Bug”

Recitative: “Ladybug, black head, six fast legs, flexible sandals. A cow deftly climbed onto a blade of grass, flapped its wings, and flew away.”

1 exercise:

i.p. - Art. hands behind head

1 – rise on your toes

2 – hands up

3 – hands behind your head

slow tempo, 4 times

Exercise 2:

i.p. – o.s.

1 – bend over, hands on waist, elbows back

2-3 – hold

average tempo, 4 times

Exercise 3:

i.p. - Art. legs apart

1-3 – springy bends forward, touching the floor with your hands

4 – 6 times, average tempo

Exercise 4:

i.p. – lying on your stomach, hands behind your head

1 – bend over, raise your arms and legs

2-3 – hold

4-6 times average tempo

Exercise 5:

i.p. – o.s.

1 – hands up, inhale

2 – i.p. exhalation

4 times the tempo is slow

Methodical instructions: the recitative is pronounced by one of the parents. Exercises 2 and 4 are performed with muscle tension; in exercise 3, do not bend your knees; in exercise 5, children are taught proper relaxation and deep breathing.

GAME “CANCER AND FLIES”

The participant in the game - "flies" - chooses the driver - "crayfish". At the place of the game, two parallel lines are drawn, the distance between them is 80-100 cm. This is the “river” where the “crayfish” lives. The driver stands in the middle of the “river”. “Flies” are located on one of the “shores”. At the command of an adult, children say “Cancer lives under stones. He's waiting for the fishtail. The fishtail is very dry. Cancer doesn't know the taste of flies." Then they jump over the “river” with a running start. Anyone who falls into the “river” is considered caught. The driver takes him to his “hole” and the game continues. After 3-4 runs, the game is stopped, those caught perform one of the posture exercises and are released. The winner is the one who never falls into the “river” and maintains correct posture during the game.

Methodical instructions: The game can be played with a group of children or with one child. Parents show children correct posture. The game is repeated 2-3 times. Saying a recitative gives children the opportunity to relax. When performing posture exercises, use counting.

Posture exercises:

I.p. – o.s.

1-2 – squat, hands behind head, elbows back

4 times, pace slow, keep your back straight, don’t lean forward

I.p. – o.s.

1 – raise your left leg, bent at the knee, hands on your waist

2-3 – hold

the same with the right foot

4 times the pace is slow, maintain a stable position.

An approximate set of exercises for correcting posture and preventing its disorders in children 5-7 years of age.

The main effective means of preventing postural defects is correct and timely physical education.

Special exercises for the formation of correct posture should be included in the morning exercises of children from the age of 4. From this same age, it is necessary to develop the skills of correct posture: when sitting on a chair and at a table.

Especially bad posture is caused by incorrect posture when writing, reading, watching TV, or playing on the computer. The height of the table should be 2-3 cm above the elbow of the child’s lowered hand. The height of the chair should not normally exceed the height of the lower leg. If your feet do not reach the floor, then you should substitute a bench so that your legs at the hip and knee joints are bent at a right angle. You need to sit on a chair so that you touch the back of the chair closely, maintaining your lumbar curve (lordosis). The distance between the chest and the table should be 1.5-2 cm (the edge of the palm passes), the head is slightly tilted forward.

Bad influence An excessively soft bed affects the formation of posture. The mattress must be hard (cotton) and must be even, so that there is no dip in the middle, and the pillow must be low (15-17 cm). Sleeping on a soft bed with a high headboard makes breathing difficult.

Nurturing the sensations of normal posture is acquired through repeated repetition of the correct body position: lying, sitting, standing. For this purpose, it is recommended to include in the complex of morning exercises and independent exercises:

Exercises while standing in front of a mirror. A child in front of a mirror violates his posture several times and again, with the help of an adult, restores it, developing and training muscle sense;

Exercises near a vertical plane (a wall without a plinth, a door, a plywood or wooden panel). The child stands on the plane, touching it with his heels, calves, buttocks, shoulder blades and the back of his head. Various dynamic exercises are given: abduction of arms, legs to the sides, raising on toes, squats. Children perform several static exercises: muscle tension - from 3 to 6 seconds, relaxation - from 6 to 12 seconds.

Exercises with objects on the head (cubes, pads filled with sand, small pebbles, sawdust) placed on the crown, closer to the forehead, help develop the reflex of correctly holding the head and the ability to tense and relax individual muscle groups. These exercises include: walking, with the arms brought together in front of the chest and spread to the sides; walking on tiptoes, legs bent; walking on knees; crawling on all fours; squats without dropping the object placed on your head.

Movement coordination exercises. Balance and balance exercises are very useful here: standing on one leg, walking on a log, a bench with an object on your head, and turns.

All these exercises contribute to the development of a sense of correct body posture, develop static endurance of the neck and back muscles, and cultivate a conscious attitude towards one’s posture.

Prevention of flat feet should also be carried out, since flattening of the foot disrupts the supporting function of the legs, which is accompanied by changes in the bony skeleton of the pelvis and spine. Exercises for the prevention of flat feet are carried out at the beginning and at the end of the complex of health-improving gymnastics.

Alignment. Stand in the “Main Stance” position: head straight, shoulders turned, stomach tucked, legs straight.

Demonstrate the correct position in the basic stance. Correct posture in children by walking in front and behind along the line.

Circle walking exercises

A normal step while maintaining correct posture (25-30 steps).

Standing outside the circle, check and correct the posture of each child passing by.

"Crane". Walking with a high rise of the thighs (hands on the belt) 20-25 steps.

Make sure that your body is in the correct position: keep your back straight, pull your elbows back, and pull the toes of your bent leg.

"Growing up big "Walking on toes (arms up, "locked") 20-25 steps.

Make sure that your knees and shoulder blades are straight and your steps are small. Rise higher on your toes, stretch upward.

"Teddy Bear." Walking on the outer edge of the foot. Say at every step (hands on the belt): “The clumsy bear is walking through the forest, collecting pine cones, singing songs. The cone bounced right into Mishka’s forehead. The bear got angry and stomped with his foot!”

Make sure that children keep their back straight and do not tilt their heads. Place your feet exactly on the outer edge of the foot, slightly bringing your toes inward, your toes should be mobile. Pull your elbows back. When performing the exercise, it is recommended that the children recite the poems themselves.

Walking with acceleration and transition to running.

Walking and then slowing down.

Make sure that children run lightly on their toes, raising their knees higher. The arms are bent at the elbows. When walking, ensure that children have correct posture.

Breathing exercise. Pulling your shoulders back, inhale 2 steps, exhale 4 steps.

Inhale deeply through the nose. Exhale through lips folded into a tube.

Exercises in a standing position

" Sparrow." Circle back 6-8 times with your elbows bent.

Pulling your elbows back, bring your shoulder blades closer together.

"Little Frog." From I.P. - feet shoulder-width apart, hands in front of the chest. Bring your hands to your shoulders (palms forward, fingers apart) and, saying “quack” in unison, return to I.P. (4-6 times).

In the hands-to-shoulders position, your elbows should be pressed to your sides.

"Big Circles" . Circle backwards with arms straightened to the sides (hands clenched into fists) - 6-8 times.

Make sure that children do not lower their arms below shoulder level.

"Mill". Alternately bringing the hands behind the back of the head and back (6-8 times).

Shoulders turned, elbows pulled back, head straight.

"Rubber". Unbending the arms bent in front of the chest at the elbows - inhale. Return to I.P., saying the sound “sh-sh-sh” - exhale.

When moving your arms to the sides, bring your shoulder blades closer together and do not let your arms fall below shoulder level.

“Legs together - show your palms.” Rising onto your toes, move your shoulders back and turn your palms forward. Return to I.P., relaxing the arm muscles (4-6 times).

Keep your back straight and do not stick out your stomach.

" "Stretching." Rise on your toes, left hand up, right hand back. Hold for 1-2-3 seconds. Return to IP, relaxing your arms (4-6 times).

Shoulders are turned, knees are straight, stomach is tucked.

Exercises in the supine position

" Hello - goodbye." Clench your fists and bend your feet towards you. Unclench your fists, pull your toes until they stop (6-8 times).

"Wave". "Bend your legs and pull your knees towards your stomach. Straighten. Pause 3-5 seconds and release your legs (4-6 times).

Make sure that your elbows are pressed to the mat. Toes should be pulled down during the exercise.

"Dance ". I.P. - lying down, hands under the back of the head, legs raised. Spread your legs apart and return to I.P. (6-8 times)

Make sure that your elbows are pressed to the mat.

Exercises in the prone position

"Sparrow". Circle back with elbows brought to shoulders (5-8 times).

The head is raised.

" Fish." Raise your head and move your shoulders back. Raise your arms and legs: relaxation pause 6-8 seconds (3-4 times).

Make sure that children do not bend in the lower back.

" Little frog." Bring your hands from under your chin to your shoulders, palms forward. Raise your head and spread your legs. Slowly return to I.P. (6-8 times).

Formation, walking at a normal pace (1-2-3 circles).

Checking correct posture while standing and in motion.

Be healthy!!!

Physical education instructor

Nazarenko M.A.