Portrait descriptions of Zhilin and Kostylin. The image and characteristics of Kostylin in the story Tolstoy's prisoner of the Caucasus essay
Comparative characteristics Zilina and KostylinaGoals of the teacher: Create conditions for compiling comparative characteristics of heroes based on identified similarities and differences in their behavior; find out the motives for Zhilin’s actions and Kostylin’s inaction.
Planned results of studying the topic:
Subject Skills: know the content of the work you read; be able to perceive and analyze text, teach students how to create artistic image, formulate the idea, the problems of the work, develop the ability to compare literary heroes, develop speech activity students, their imagination, to educate literate readers
Meta-subject UUD (universal learning activities):
Personal: the student masters new types of activities, participates in the creative, constructive process; recognizes himself as an individual and at the same time as a member of society.
Regulatory: student accepts and saves learning task; plans (in collaboration with the teacher and classmates or independently) the necessary actions, operations, acts according to the plan.
Cognitive: the student realizes cognitive task; reads and listens, extracts the necessary information, and also independently finds it in textbooks and workbooks.
Communication: the student enters into an educational dialogue with the teacher, classmates, participates in general conversation, follows the rules speech behavior.
During the classes:
1. Organizational stage
Greeting students and setting the mood for a good lesson.
2. Actualization, motivation of educational activities
What work did you and I read in literature class? (Slide 1)
1. Work on the epigraph
War is not a fairy tale about Ivan,
And we don’t gild it...
Boris Pasternak.
Read the epigraph. (Slide2)
Why is war not a fairy tale?
What does “we don’t gild it” mean?
Conclusion:
War is scary, painful, cruel; These are losses, death, crippled destinies, unhealed wounds.
War is the color of ashes, so we do not “gild” it, it cannot be embellished.
For many, war is a test of strength, endurance, and humanity.
What historical event is reflected in the story? (Caucasian War) (Slide3)
Caucasian War 1817 - 1864 (47 years old)- this is war Russian Empire with the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens, Dagestanis, Ossetians, Tatars). About what people we're talking about in the story? (about the Tatars).
The Caucasian War is the longest war.
3.Creating a problem situation.
The story features two officers. In your opinion, what qualities should an officer have? (the officer is not alien to the concepts of honor, conscience, dignity; he is brave, courageous, brave man; he is devoted to his Fatherland).
Do you think both of our heroes have these qualities? Are they different from each other?
How would you formulate the topic of our lesson? (Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin) (Slide 4)
4. Goal setting.
What is the goal of our lesson? What should we learn in class? (Learn to compare heroes, understand how two heroes differ)
5. Understanding the text (analysis)
A). Techniques for compiling characterizations of heroes
(portrait, actions of the hero, behavior, characterization of the hero by other characters)
Techniques for compiling characteristics of literary heroes: (Slay5)
External features (portrait);
The hero’s actions, attitude towards other people, his feelings, speech;
Characteristics of the hero by other characters
b). Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin. (Slide 6)
- Let's compare Zhilin and Kostylin.
Sometimes it takes years to understand a person, and you and I will try to get to know the heroes in a lesson. The task is not easy, but it is quite solvable.
To compare means to find commonality and differences in their character.
What common?
Officers who served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter asking for a ransom to be sent, and took part in the escape.
Of course, these are not character traits, but events, but they are the ones that will help us figure out who the real officer is and real man.
Difference.
I . Portrait
Find a description of the heroes in the text;
What character qualities of the characters do we learn from the description of their appearance?
Zhilin is daring, brave, courageous.
Kostylin is a physically weak person.
Is it possible to limit ourselves to just this technique? (no, there may be a misconception about the hero).
II . "Talking" surname
(The surname Zhilin comes from the word vein (blood vessels, tendons). Our hero is a wiry man.)
How else can you say about him? (lean, strong, hardy).
How do you determine the meaning of the surname: Kostylin?
(The surname Kostylin comes from the word crutch. What is a crutch? (a stick that serves as a support for lame people or people with sore legs when walking).
Who is our hero? (weak).
III
- What decision does Zhilin make?
What is characteristic of him? (decisiveness, courage, ability to resist the enemy; he is not timid).
How does Kostylin behave?
What do you think of him? (violated the agreement - not to leave; behaves like a coward and a traitor).
IV . In captivity
1. Ransom letter
Why did Zhilin indicate the wrong address in the letter? (he knew that his mother had no money)
Suppose he wrote a letter. Would your mother send money despite her poverty? Yes, because there is nothing higher and stronger in life mother's love.
Zhilin is able to spare the feelings of people close and dear to him.
Why did Kostylin write letters home many times?
Kostylin wrote more than one letter, because he thought only of himself.
2. The internal state of the heroes
While in captivity, Zhilin meets a Tatar girl, Dina. This image is not accidental. "Dina" in Arabic means "faith".
What does Zhilin believe in? (in his own strength, in luck; he is strong in spirit.)
What does Kostylin believe in? (for ransom)
3. Hero Activities
Handicrafts;
Studying the area as he thinks about escaping;
Communicates with Dina;
He heals the people of the village.
What can you say about him? (master, smart, cunning, resourceful; man of action).
Kostylin:
Inactive and moaning.
4. Tatar opinion about heroes.
Zhilin won the respect of children and adults: “Korosh Urus”, “dzhigit”.
Kostylin - “meek”.
V . The escape
Tell us about it.
How did the heroes behave?
Zhilin shows will, courage, resourcefulness, perseverance, and actively fights.
Kostylin is a burden; suffers, shows selfishness, weakness.
6. Variable application of open meanings in a variety of situations.
1. - Find verbs in the text that denote the actions of Zhilin and Kostylin, distribute them in 2 columns and write them down in a notebook. (Slide 7)
Zhilin Kostylin
walks around the village sleeps
peers
Bored
Counts the days
Asks for information
Handicrafts waiting for a response to a letter
2. - What is the name of the means of expression that is used when describing heroes? (Antithesis)
What is antithesis?
(Antithesis - opposition, opposition)
What other visual and expressive means do you know?
(- metaphor; - epithet; - comparison)
2. We'll check this now. Game "Guess it!" (Sly8)
“All day long (Kostylin) sits in the barn and counts the days until the letter arrives, or sleeps. But Zhilin knew that his letter would not reach him, but he did not write another...” (antithesis)
“... the nose is hooked, like a hawk...” (comparison)
3-4. -Independently find examples of figurative and expressive means from the text of the story and write them down. (3-4 examples)
5.–Make up a syncwine in groups (group 1 – Zhilin, group 2 – Kostylin) (Slide 9)
7. Control.
Fill out the table “Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin” (Slide 10)
(Children fill out the table)
ZhilinKostylin
General
Officers who served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter,
to send a ransom, to participate in the escape.
Difference
I . Portrait
Daring, hardy, brave.
Physically weak.
II . "Talking" surname
Veins - blood vessels, tendons.
A wiry, hardy, strong man.
Crutch - a stick, a support when walking with a lame person
or people with sore feet.
Weak person.
III . The behavior of the heroes during the attack of the Tatars
Not one of the timid, brave,
decisive,
capable of resisting the enemy.
Broke the agreement - not to leave
(behaves like a coward and a traitor).
IV . In captivity
1. Ransom letter
Able to spare the feelings of loved ones and
people dear to him.
1. Ransom letter
A coward, he thinks only of himself.
2. Internal state
Strong in spirit, believes in luck,
own strength.
1. Internal state
Mentally weak, believes in ransom.
3. Classes
Master, smart, cunning, resourceful;
man of action .
3. Classes
Inactive, moaning.
4. The opinion of the Tatars about Zilina
Zhilin won the respect of children and
adults:
“Korosh Urus”, “dzhigit”.
4. The opinion of the Tatars about Kostylin
Kostylin - “meek”.
V . The escape
Zhilin shows will, courage,
resourcefulness, tenacity,
is actively fighting.
Kostylin is a burden; suffers, shows
selfishness, weakness.
8.Homework.(Slide11)
Imagine that you invited Zhilin and Kostylin to the lesson as participants Caucasian War. What could they tell you about? What would you ask them?
9. Reflection(Slide12)
1. Significance of the topic
Do you need to learn to determine the qualities of a person’s character or can you do without it in life?
This is necessary in life to….
Distinguish between good and evil, love and hatred, courage and cowardice;
Do right choice friends;
Understand the inner world of a person.
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" - a story that is sometimes called a story. He wrote it tells us about a Russian officer who was captured by the highlanders. The story was first published in the magazine "Zarya" in 1872. It is one of the most popular works of the great Russian writer, which has endured many reissues. The title of the story is a reference to poem of the same name Pushkin. In this article we will produce Zhilin and Kostylin. These are the two main characters, the contrast of whose personalities forms the basis of the work. See below for a description of Zhilin and Kostylin.
The beginning of the story
The narrative is based in part on a real event that occurred during Tolstoy's service in the Caucasus (50s of the 19th century). He wrote in his diary in June 1853 that he almost was captured, but behaved well in this case, although and overly sensitive. Lev Nikolaevich, together with his friend, once miraculously escaped pursuit. Lieutenant Tolstoy also had to rescue his comrades from captivity.
Ransom letters written by two officers
The story takes place during the period of Zhilin, an officer serving in the navy. His mother sends her son a letter asking him to visit her, and he leaves the fortress along with the convoy. On the way, he overtakes him along with Kostylin and comes across mounted “Tatars” (that is, Muslim mountaineers).
They shoot the horse, and the officer himself is taken prisoner (his comrade escapes). Zilina is taken to a mountain village, after which he is sold to Abdul-Murat. “How did Zhilin and Kostylin meet after that?” - you ask. It turned out that Abdul-Murat was already in captivity by that time Kostylin, a colleague of Zhilin, who was also captured by the Tatars. Abdul-Murat forces Russian officers to write letters home in order to receive a ransom for them. Zhilin indicates the wrong address on the envelope, realizing that the mother will not be able to collect the required amount in any case.
Zhilin and Kostylin in captivity
Kostylin and Zhilin live in a barn; they put pads on their feet during the day. Zhilin fell in love with local children, especially Dina, the 13-year-old daughter of Abdul-Murat, for whom he made dolls. While walking around the surrounding area and the village, this officer wonders how he can escape to the Russian fortress. He digs in the barn at night. Dina sometimes brings him pieces of lamb or flatbread.
Escape of two officers
When Zhilin learns that the inhabitants of this village are alarmed by the death of a fellow villager who died in a battle with the Russians, he finally decides to escape. Together with Kostylin, the officer crawls into a tunnel at night. They want to get to the forest, and then to the fortress. But due to the fact that the corpulent Kostylin was clumsy, they did not have time to carry out their plans; the Tatars noticed the young people and brought them back. They are now put in a pit and the stocks are no longer removed at night. Dina sometimes continues to bring food to the officer.
Zilina's second escape
Realizing that their enslavers are afraid that the Russians might soon come, and therefore might kill their captives, Zhilin, at nightfall, one day asks Dina to get a long stick. With her help, he climbs out of the hole. Soggy and sick, Kostylin remains inside. He tries, including with the help of the girl, to knock the lock off the blocks, but he fails. At dawn, having made his way through the forest, Zhilin goes out to the Russian troops. Kostylin was subsequently redeemed from captivity by his comrades, his health in extremely poor health.
Characteristics of the main characters ("Prisoner of the Caucasus", Tolstoy)
Zhilin and Kostylin are Russian officers. They both participate in the war for Zilina, a letter comes from his mother, in which she asks her son to visit her before his death to say goodbye. Without thinking twice, he hits the road. But it was dangerous to travel alone, since at any time he could be captured and killed by the Tatars. We went in a group, and therefore very slowly. Then Zhilin and Kostylin decide to go forward alone. Zhilin was prudent and careful. Having made sure that Kostylin’s gun was loaded and that he had a saber in the scabbard, Zhilin decided to see if the Tatars were visible by climbing the mountain. Climbing higher, he noticed his enemies. The Tatars were very close, and therefore they saw Zhilin.
This brave officer thought that if he managed to run to the gun (which Kostylin had), the officers would be saved. He shouted to his comrade. But the cowardly Kostylin ran away, fearing for his own skin. He committed a vile act. In the way Zhilin and Kostylin met, one can see fate’s mockery of the latter. After all, both were captured in the end, and here they met again. The chief of the Muslim mountaineers said that they had to pay a ransom of 5,000 rubles, and then they would be released. Kostylin immediately wrote a letter home asking for money. And Zhilin answered the mountaineers that if they killed him, they would receive nothing at all, and told them to wait. He deliberately sent his letter to a different address, because the officer felt sorry for his mother, who was seriously ill, and there was no such money in the family. Apart from his mother, Zhilin had no other relatives.
The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin can be supplemented by pointing out how these heroes spent their time in captivity. Zhilin decided that he could and should escape. He dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for Dina, who brought food in return.
Kostylin was idle all day and slept at night. And then the time came when preparations for the escape were completed. The two officers fled. They severely abraded their legs on the stones, and Zilina had to carry the weakened Kostylin. Because of this they were captured. This time the officers were put in a hole, but Dina took out a stick and helped her friend escape. Kostylin was afraid to flee again and stayed with the mountaineers. Zhilin managed to reach his own people. Kostylin was bought out only a month later.
As you can see, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy shows in his story “Prisoner of the Caucasus” the courage and courage of Zhilin and the weakness, cowardice and laziness of his comrade. The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin are opposite, but are built on contrast. To better convey his idea, the author uses a number of techniques. Read about them further.
Analysis of the title of the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
It is interesting to analyze the very title of the story - "Prisoner of the Caucasus." Zhilin and Kostylin are two heroes, but the name is given in singular. Tolstoy may have wanted to show by this that a true hero can only be that person who does not give up in the face of difficulties, but actively acts. Passive people become a burden to others in life, not striving for anything and not developing in any way. The author thus shows that not everything in our lives directly depends on circumstances, and each person is the creator of his own destiny.
Names of the main characters
Pay attention also to the names of the heroes, which were not taken by chance by the author, which should also be noted when compiling comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin. Starting to read this work, we don’t yet know the characters of the main characters, but only find out their last names. But we immediately get the feeling that Lev Nikolaevich sympathizes more with Zhilin than with Kostylin. The latter, we think, has a “lame” character, and Zhilin is a strong, “wiry” man, with strong character. Kostylin needs help from outsiders; he is indecisive and dependent. Further events confirm our guesses. The meanings of these rhyming surnames are completely different. Thus, Zhilin is described as a small man, agile and strong. On the contrary, Kostylin is heavy-set, difficult to lift, passive. Throughout the entire work, all he does is prevent his friend from realizing his plans.
Conclusion
Thus, these two characters are opposite, as evidenced by the author’s description of Zhilin and Kostylin. The main difference between these two officers is that one is a hard-working, active person who believes that a way out of any situation can be found, and the second is a coward, a lazy person, a lump. Zhilin managed to take root in a hostile environment, which helped this officer escape from captivity. Such an incident would unsettle another person, but this officer is not like that. He did not go home after the end of the story, but remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin, barely alive, was released from captivity for a ransom. Tolstoy did not say what happened to him next. He probably did not consider it necessary to even mention the further fate of such a worthless person in his work “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” Zhilin and Kostylin are different people, and therefore their fates are different, despite the same life circumstances. This is precisely the idea that Leo Tolstoy wanted to convey to us.
Samuel Marshak noted that the work “Prisoner of the Caucasus” (Tolstoy) is the crown of all books for reading and said that in all world literature it is impossible to find a more perfect example of a story, a short story for children's reading. Description of Zhilin and Kostylin, their characters helps in education younger generation, personality development, because it shows how to behave in difficult situations. The fate of Zhilin and Kostylin is very instructive.
Zhilin and Kostylin are the heroes of the story “Prisoner of the Caucasus” by L.N. Tolstoy. They are both Russian officers. They are participating in the war for the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia. Zhilin received a letter from his mother, who asks him to come to her before his death, to say goodbye. Loving son I set off on the road almost without thinking. However, it was impossible to go alone. The Tatars could have caught and killed them. We rode in a group, but very slowly. Zhilin and Kostylin decided to go forward alone. Zhilin was careful and prudent. Having made sure that Kostylin had a loaded gun and a saber in his scabbard, he decided to climb the mountain and see if the Tatars were coming. As soon as he rode his horse to the top, he saw those whom he did not want to see. The Tatars stood very close to him, having noticed the officer. Zhilin was brave and, thinking that if he reached the gun (Kostylin had it), they would be saved, he shouted to Kostylin. But the cowardly officer was afraid for his life and ran away. having committed a vile act. Both officers were taken prisoner, where they met. The chief of the Tatars said that they needed to pay a ransom in order to release them (5,000 rubles). Kostylin immediately wrote a letter home asking for the money to be sent. And Zhilin said. that if they killed him they would get nothing at all, he told him to wait. He sent the letter to another address. He felt sorry for his seriously ill mother, but they didn’t have that kind of money. Zhilin had no other relatives. He thought. that he could escape. In captivity, Zhilin dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for the girl Dina. In return, the girl brought him cakes and milk. Lazy Kostylin did nothing all day and slept at night. And then the day came. when everything was ready to escape. They fled with Kostylin. They rubbed their feet on the stones and had to carry the weak Kostylin. That’s why they were caught. They were put in a large hole, but Dina brought a stick and helped Zhilin escape. This time Kostylin was afraid to run. Zhilin managed to reach his own people. Kostylin was redeemed only a month later for 5,000 rubles. As a result, in Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” Zhilin shows courage and bravery, and Kostylin shows laziness, cowardice and weakness.
To enter the world, you need to open a book, and for this you need to select special “keys”, because with them the reader’s path begins: acquaintance with literary laws, comprehension of artistic structure.
At the center of this world is a person, so characters—actors—occupy a special place in the work.
The author creates the image of each hero using special techniques. My task is to teach children to see them in the text in order to form a complete impression of the hero, to teach them to understand their feelings and thoughts. A comparative description will give a complete picture of them.
Knowledge of literary theory will help students freely navigate what they read, which means that the book will “speak” in their hands.
The lesson is accompanied by a presentation
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Department of Education of the City Administration of Noyabrsk
Municipal educational institution
"Secondary general education educational school No. 2"
With in-depth study
Foreign languages" of the municipal formation of the city of Noyabrsk
Literature lesson in 5th grade
Topic: “Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin”
Teacher Shvetsova Elena Anatolyevna
2011
Subject: “Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin”
Target:
1. Teach students how to create an artistic image.
2. Develop the ability to compare literary characters, develop students’ speech activity, and their imagination.
3. Raise a competent reader.
During the classes:
I. Work based on the work of L.N. Tolstoy “Prisoner of the Caucasus”
Slide No. 1
L.N. Tolstoy “Prisoner of the Caucasus”
Drawing
1. Repetition of knowledge of literary theory
We continue the conversation about the work of L.N. Tolstoy “Prisoner of the Caucasus”.
Use literary terms and don't get confused.
a) “Prisoner of the Caucasus” is a literary fairy tale?
No, this is a story, because this work is narrative, small in volume, united by a plot and consisting of several episodes;
b) If this narrative work, so there is a personal narrative?The narration is impersonal, because the conversation in “Prisoner of the Caucasus” comes from the perspective of the narrator;
V) I believe that there is no plot in the work, there are only events all around. What do you think?
The work has a plot. Plot is a chain of events;
G) Are the episode and the plot the same thing?
No, episode
d) What groups of characters are there in the story?
Main, minor and episodic.
Name the main characters.
Zhilin, Kostylin and Dina.
Now look at the screen to see if you made a mistake.
Slide No. 2
Story – a small narrative work united by a plot and consisting of one or several episodes.
Plot - this is a chain of events occurring in a work.
Episode – one event with a beginning and an end.
Slide No. 3
Narration:
Personal - on behalf of the hero-storyteller;
Impersonal - on behalf of the narrator.
Slide No. 4
Characters:
Main ;
Minor ;
Episodic.
Do you agree with your answers? (Yes)
Answer marks...
2. Work on the epigraph
What historical event is reflected in the story? (Caucasian War)
Caucasian War 1817 - 1864(47 years old) - this is the war of the Russian Empire with the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens, Dagestanis, Ossetians, Tatars). What people are we talking about in the story? (about the Tatars).
The Caucasian War is the longest war.
War is not a fairy tale about Ivan,
And we don’t gild it...
Boris Pasternak.
Read the epigraph.
Why is war not a fairy tale?
What does “we don’t gild it” mean?
Conclusion:
War is scary, painful, cruel; These are losses, death, crippled destinies, unhealed wounds.
War is the color of ashes, so we do not “gild” it, it cannot be embellished.
For many, war is a test of strength, endurance, and humanity.
The story features two officers.
In your opinion, what qualities should an officer have? (the officer is not alien to the concepts of honor, conscience, dignity; he is a brave, courageous, courageous person; he is devoted to his Fatherland).
3. Lesson topic
Slide No. 4
A). Techniques for compiling characterizations of heroes
Slide No. 3
Techniques for compiling characteristics of literary heroes:
External features (portrait);
The hero’s actions, attitude towards other people, his feelings, speech;
Characteristics of the hero by other characters
b). Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin.
- Let's compare Zhilin and Kostylin.
Sometimes it takes years to understand a person, and you and I will try to get to know the heroes in a lesson. The task is not easy, but it is quite solvable.
To compare means to find commonality and differences in their character.
What common?
Officers who served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter asking for a ransom to be sent, and took part in the escape.
Of course, these are not character traits, but events, but they are the ones that will help us figure out who the real officer and the real person are.
Difference:
I. Portrait
Find a description of the heroes in the text;
What character qualities of the characters do we learn from the description of their appearance?
Zhilin is daring, brave, courageous.
Kostylin is a physically weak person.
Is it possible to limit ourselves to just this technique? (no, there may be a misconception about the hero).
II. "Talking" surname
The surname Zhilin comes from the word vein (blood vessels, tendons). Our hero is a wiry man. How else can you say it? (lean, strong, hardy).
The surname Kostylin comes from the word crutch. What is a crutch? (a stick that serves as a support when walking for lame people or people with sore legs).
Who is our hero? (weak).
- What decision does Zhilin make? Read it. What is characteristic of him? (decisiveness, courage, ability to resist the enemy; he is not timid).
How does Kostylin behave? Read it. What do you think of him? (violated the agreement - not to leave; behaves like a coward and a traitor).
IV. In captivity
1. Ransom letter
Why did Zhilin indicate the wrong address in the letter? (he knew that his mother had no money)
Suppose he wrote a letter. Would your mother send money despite her poverty? Yes, because there is nothing in life higher and stronger than mother's love.
Zhilin is able to spare the feelings of people close and dear to him.
Kostylin wrote more than one letter because he was a coward and thought only of himself.
2. The internal state of the heroes
While in captivity, Zhilin meets a Tatar girl, Dina. This image is not accidental. "Dina" means "faith" in Arabic.
What does Zhilin believe in? (in his own strength, in luck; he is strong in spirit.)
What does Kostylin believe in? (for ransom)
3. Activities of heroes
Zhilin:
Handicrafts;
Studying the area as he thinks about escaping;
Communicates with Dina;
He heals the people of the village.
What can you say about him? (master, smart, cunning, resourceful; man of action).
Kostylin:
Inactive and moaning.
Confirm what is said about the heroes with text.
4. The opinion of the Tatars about the heroes.
Kostylin - “meek”.
V. Escape
Tell us about it.
How did the heroes behave?
V). Creation of an oral statement “Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin”
(using a table compiled during the work).
Zhilin | Kostylin |
General | |
Officers who served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter asking for a ransom to be sent, and took part in the escape. | |
Difference | |
I. Portrait | |
Daring, hardy, brave. | Physically weak. |
II. "Talking" surname | |
Veins - blood vessels, tendons. A wiry, hardy, strong man. | A crutch is a stick used to support the lame or people with sore legs when walking. Weak person. |
III. The behavior of the heroes during the attack of the Tatars | |
Not a timid person, brave, decisive, able to resist the enemy. | I broke the agreement - not to leave; behaves like a coward and a traitor). |
IV. In captivity | |
1. Ransom letter Able to spare the feelings of people close and dear to him. | 1. Ransom letter A coward, he thinks only of himself. |
2. Internal state Strong in spirit, believes in luck and his own strength. | 1. Internal state Mentally weak, believes in ransom. |
3. Classes Master, smart, cunning, resourceful; man of action. | 3. Classes Inactive, moaning. |
4. The opinion of the Tatars about Zilina Zhilin won the respect of children and adults: “Korosh Urus”, “dzhigit”. | 4. The opinion of the Tatars about Kostylin Kostylin - “meek”. |
V. Escape | |
Zhilin shows will, courage, resourcefulness, perseverance, and actively fights. | Kostylin is a burden; suffers, shows selfishness, weakness. |
G). Significance of the topic
Do you need to learn to determine the qualities of a person’s character or can you do without it in life?
This is necessary in life to:
Distinguish between good and evil, love and hatred, courage and cowardice;
Make the right choice of friends;
Understand the inner world of a person.
4. Homework:
1. Oral statement “Meeting with Zhilin and Kostylin”
Imagine that you invited Zhilin and Kostylin to a lesson as participants in the Caucasian War.What could they tell you about? What would you ask them?
Slide captions:
L.N. Tolstoy “Prisoner of the Caucasus”
A story is a small narrative work, united by a plot and consisting of one or more episodes. A plot is a chain of events occurring in a work. An episode is one event that has a beginning and an end.
Techniques for characterizing literary heroes:
External features (portrait); Actions of the hero, attitude towards other people, his feelings, speech; Characteristics of the hero by other characters
Topic: “Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin”
In the work of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, the whole story is built around two heroes. They are both officers, serving in the Caucasus. As you know, this place has a heavy atmosphere. The mountaineers allow themselves whatever they want. They easily kidnap people and then demand ransom for them. Our officers were no exception; during the journey they met the mountaineers.
The first officer is Zhilin, the second is Kostylin. It was not by chance that the author gave his heroes such names. Zhilin is distinguished by fortitude, perseverance, courage and inflexibility. Kostylin is a weak person, incapable of anything. He can only complain and lament. Instead of thinking about how to solve the problem, he only makes it worse.
On the way, the officers were attacked by highlanders. Zhilin fought back to the last. He had no weapon, but he fought to the end. Kostylin immediately turned back and was immediately captured. Both heroes were captured. It is noteworthy that the heroes went on vacation for different purposes. Zhilin was going to his mother, and Kostylin simply decided to take a break from service.
Days in captivity became a real test for both prisoners. While Kostylin was whining and counting the days until his release, Zhilin was looking for options. He observed the life of the Tatars very carefully, became friends with some, and learned to make various things. Thanks to his courage and observation, Zhilin was able to seize the moment and arrange an escape. After all, he could have escaped on his own and then everything would have been successful, but no. The hero does not abandon his comrade and takes him with him. Because of Kostylin, the prisoners are discovered, caught, and they find themselves in the worst conditions, now sitting in a pit.
In captivity, the Highlanders force the officers to write a ransom letter. Kostylin immediately writes to the family the whole truth. He's counting on a rich family to bail him out. Zhilin has no one to ask for money. The hero does not want to injure the poor mother, so he indicates the wrong address on the letter. This action is repeated twice.
Zhilin remembers that no one will help him except himself. Therefore, he is full of strength and determination to make a second escape. After an unsuccessful attempt, Kostylin wilted even more and became seriously ill. Zhilin did not give up trying to assess the surrounding situation and at the first opportunity he got out to freedom. Kostylin refused to run a second time and remained in the pit to wait for his release.
Zhilin is a confident and courageous person, accustomed to relying only on himself. Kostylin is an inert and weak-willed person. It's amazing how he became an officer with such character. As a result, Zhilin was freed, and Kostylin expected a ransom from his family.
Essay 2
In his work, Lev Nikolaevich introduces the reader to the two main characters, they are officers. They serve in the Caucasus, there are different people and completely different rules. Two heroes are captured, the reaction to this situation is completely different. Each hero has his own view of life and what is happening.
This work raises the theme of reaction different people to the same circumstance. This work is a reflection of the worldview of an individual character. Both officers serve in the same regiment, which is located in the Caucasus. There are different laws and completely different people here. Zhilin and Kostylin go on vacation together.
The Tatars attacked the heroes soon after leaving. This incident instantly shows the difference between the characters' characters. It is noteworthy that Kostylin had a weapon with him, but Zhilin did not. From the first minutes of the attack, Kostylin decides to return to the fortress. If he had courage, it was only when he had colleagues nearby. He was unable to fight alone.
Zhilin immediately acted differently, he was ready to fight to the death. There were many Tatars, Ivan had one saber, but this fact did not stop him. However, the Tatars knew how to do everything to twist the hero. A shot was fired at the horse, which helped capture Ivan.
Thus the officers became prisoners. The difference between characters manifests itself in all circumstances. After the heroes were imprisoned, Kostylin immediately began to lament and complain. He immediately wrote a letter home to be ransomed. He is very worried about the fact that life may end soon.
Zhilin has no one to rely on; he has a sick mother at home who has no money. And it’s not in his rules. Ivan is confident that he can get out on our own. The hero wrote the wrong address, he will not scare his relatives.
Kostylin is constantly in a state of sleep and is counting down to his release, because the ransom must be paid.
Zhilin is not sitting here with his hands folded either. He fixes broken things, makes toys for the kids, and finds time to explore the area for his escape.
Ivan has been slowly digging a tunnel for a month. As soon as he saw the opportunity, he immediately arranged an escape, taking a comrade with him.
However, because of Kostylin, the escape was thwarted. He was unable to escape, which is why the officers were caught again. After this, the heroes were forced to write new letters, now they found themselves in a hole.
After what happened, Kostylin finally gave up and became seriously ill. Zhilin never stops looking for ways to leave the ill-fated pit. Thanks to a girl named Dina, Zhilin was able to leave captivity. His determination, willpower and spirit helped achieve his goal. He did not give in to panic and fear, he acted intelligently, relying on a cold and calculating mind.
Zhilin is a hero worthy of the rank of officer. You can always count on him. Kostylin showed himself to be a weak and fearful person who thinks only of himself. It was for this reason that he remained in the hole and waited for his family to pull him out. He himself made no effort to free himself.
Comparison of Zhilin and Kostylin 5th grade
In his wonderful work, the author shows completely opposite characters in the persons of Zhilin and Kostylin. It will tell an incredibly sincere and realistic story of how two heroes will become comrades in misfortune, and it is also worth noting that the story is told quite clearly and in simple language. While serving in the Caucasus, both characters, who are nobles, were captured by the enemy, and this situation is seen in the context of completely opposite worldviews, since they choose completely different paths of behavior.
It is worth starting the description of the characters with their external data. Kostylin is an overweight man who is overweight and is often a very clumsy person. Unlike him, Zhilin is in excellent physical shape, he takes care of himself, and is a dexterous person in business and action. Even the names of the characters speak for themselves, for example, about Zhilin we can say that he is a person who is used to working and doing various things that led him to look good. All real essence characters are revealed in the moment associated with captivity. When Zhilin is offered to write a letter asking his relatives to prepare a ransom for his life, he refuses, because he does not want to put the lives of his relatives at risk. In contrast, Kostylin writes many lines in which he asks for help, without thinking about further consequences.
Being in such a difficult situation, the picture shows how the characters experience these difficulties prepared by life. Zhilin initially hopes that he will eventually be able to escape. However, he understands that this simply cannot be done. And therefore, he tries to win over the local residents, he helps them and serves, gaining more and more trust and respect. He also treats a girl named Dina well, who will ultimately help him escape. The author makes sure that throughout the entire narrative, the reader is overcome with feelings of contempt for Kostylin, and, on the contrary, strong respect for Zhilin, who proves that only with the help of ingenuity, confidence and patience can the necessary result be achieved. The work shows two completely opposite images, which show how different the worldview and characters of people can be, and that the desire to quickly solve a problem is not always the right choice.
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